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STUDENT'S OUTLINE 






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AMERICAN HISTORY 



From 1824 to 1919 



SECOND SEMESTER 

Of a One-Year Course for High 
Schools, Normal Schools and Colleges 



CLARK EDMUND PERSINGER 

Professor of History, State Normal School, 
Silver City, New Mexico 



CHICAGO and LINCOLN 
THE UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING COMPANY 

1919 



STUDENT'S OUTLINE 



OF 



AMERICAN HISTORY 



From 1824 to 1919 



SECOND SEMESTER 

Of a One- Year Course for High 
Schools, Normal Schools and Colleges 



CLARK EDMUND PERSIXGER 

Professor of History, State Normal School, 
Silver City, New Mexico 



CHICAGO and LINCOLN 

THH UNIVERSITY hUBLISHING COMPANY 

1919 






Copyright, 1916 and 1919 

By 

The University Publishing Company 



All Rights Reserved 



D£C -8 J9I9 

©a.A535974 



INTRODUCTORY NOTE 

One-year course. — This outline is intended to follow the 
Persinger 'Tirst Semester Outline," and thus to complete a 
one-year American history course in high school, normal school 
or college. It covers the following topics or "periods" of Amer- 
ican history : 

VII. Jacksonian Democracy (1824-1843), 8 lessons. 

VIII. The struggle over slavery in the territories (1844- 
1860), 9 lessons. 

IX. The Civil War (1861-1865), 13 lessons. 

X. Political and Financial "Reconstruction" (1866-1879), 
10 lessons. 

XL Civil service reform, tariff and anti-monopoly- (1880- 
1897), 9 lessons. 

XII. The rise and regulation of "big business" (1898- 
1916), 18 lessons. 

XIII. America and the war against Germany (1914-1919), 
8 lessons. 

Semester reviews and final examinations, 11 lessons. 

As in the first semester, this total of about eighty lessons 
will be found ample to occupy the entire recitation-time for 
the second semester. 

One-semester course. — Teachers who wish or need to use 
the two parts of this outline for a one-semester course may be 
able to do so by omitting and combining the lessons indicated 
in the Introductory Note to part one, omitting lesson 99 in this 
part of th« outline and combining the following lessons in this 
part of the outline: 82 and 83, 84 and 85, 90 and 91, 96 and 
97, 101 and 102, 104 and 105, 106 and first half of 107, last half 
of 107 and all of 108, either 113 and 114 or 114 and 115, 116 
to 118, 126 to 128, 129 and 130, 132 and 133, 134 and 135, 138 
and 139, 140 and 141, 142 and 143. 

Text and reference books. — The list of textbooks to which 
references are given in this second semester outline is the same 
as that to which references were given in the first semester 
outline: Adams & Trent, Ashley, Channing, Forman, Hart, 
James & Sanford, McLaughlin, Muzzey, and West. The same 



4 Student's Outline 

is true of the reference or library books to which references are 
given: Bassett, Elson, the Greene-Fish series (2 vols.), the 
Riverside series (4 vols.), the Home University Library series 
(3 vols, now ready), MacDonald's Documentary Source Book, 
and Caldwell & Persinger's Source History of the United States. 
Since the same author covers the same period in two of these 
series, references in the outline are made as follows : 

"1st Paxson" = Paxson's "Civil War," in the University 
Home Library Series (1911). 

''2nd Paxson" = Paxson's "New Nation," in the Riverside 
series (1915). 

Page references. — A hyphen between two page-numbers 
(for example, 174-182) indicates that all pages from 174 to 182 
(including 174 and 182) are embraced within the reading refer- 
ence. When a comma appears between two page-numbers (for 
example, 174. 182) it means that only the two pages are as- 
signed as reading, those between being omitted. Frequently two 
successive page-numbers are given with a comma between (for 
example, 174, 175) ; this means that there is matter relating to 
some point in the day's lesson on each of these pages, but that 
not all of the reading matter on both relates to the day's lesson. 

Reviews. — In this second part of the outline it seems ad- 
visable to repeat the emphasis laid in part one upon reviews. 
The longer the course in any subject, the greater the need of 
thorough and rather frequent reviews if the general line of 
development is to be kept in mind by the teacher and the stu- 
dent. For that reason, "period reviews" are again included in 
this second part of the outline, and frequently made to include 
the general summarizing of the periods covered by part one. 
Also, by means of final "topical reviews" (see lessons 146 to 
153), an attempt has been made to show the main lines of 
development generally recognized as running through American 
history. This list of "topical" reviews is by no means as com- 
plete as it might be; but corresponds in a rough way to the 
"special courses" which the colleges and universities offer to 
students who have completed the general study of American 
history in the high school. 



American History 5 

PERIOD VII 

Jacksonian Democracy, 1824-1843 

LESSON 82 

Division of the Republican party into "Adams men" and 
"Jackson men" (1824-1827). — Russian withdrawal of all claims 
to Oregon below 54-40 (1824) ; increased sectionalism of vote 
on moderate increase of protective tariff (1824) ; lack of well- 
defined issues, large number of candidates, and breakdown of 
the "congressional nominating caucus" in the campaign of 1824; 
victory of Adams through combination with Clay in the House 
election of 1825, beginning of opposition cry of "bargain and 
corruption," and preparation for new Jackson candidacy in 
1828: division of members of congress into "Adams men" and 
"Jackson men." and thwarting or defeat of x^dams' policies in 
regard to Panama congress, internal improvements, and Georgia 
Indian lands, 1826-1827; house passage and senate defeat of 
new protective tariff bill, and protectionist "Harrisburg con- 
vention" of 1827; renewal of negotiations in regard to Oregon, 
and continuation of "joint occupancy" subject to abrogation on 
twelve months' notice by either country (1827-1828). 

Adams & Trent, 254-261 Muzzey, 270-271, 251-266, 331 

Ashley, 343, 304, 295-297, 302 West, 451, 457-460, 463-465, 455 

Channing, 327, 333-338, 354-355 Bassett, 440, 382-386, 377-380, 395 

Fite, 250, 251, 256-257, 261-264, 300 Elson, 465-475 

Forman, 300-301, 303, 304, 306-308, Fish, 173-181, 277, 171 

348 Johnson, 296, 305-308, 310-328, and 

Hart, 291-293, 299-301 Dodd, 1-3, 5-6 

James & Sanford, 289-292, 298-300, MacDonald, 39-45, 94 

327, 328 Caldwell & Persinger, 349-350 
McLaughlin, 276-279, 280-287 



Student's Outline 



LESSON 83 

The tariff of 1828, failure of the first attempt at nullifica- 
tion, and the victory of Jacksonian Democracy in the cam- 
paign of 1828 (1828-1829). — Attempt of Jackson men to win 
support of west by pretended support of new protective tariff, 
unexpected passage of "tariff of abominations" of 1828, and 
failure of first attempt of South Carolina to bring about nullifi- 
cation of it, 1828; appearance of the Anti-Masonic party in 
state campaigns of 1828; nomination of presidential candidates 
in 1828 by state legislatures and mass meetings; union of east- 
ern and western "Democracy" in support of Jackson, and easy 
victory of Jackson over "National Republican" Adams in elec- 
tion of 1828-1829; failure of Benton's attempt to force Amer- 
ican "occupation" of Oregon, 1828-1829; Texan refusal to ac- 
cept Mexican abolition of slavery in 1827 and failure of at- 
tempt of Adams to purchase central Texas, 1829. 

Adams & Trent, 260-265, . 271-272 West, 460, 499-507, 469-470 

Ashley, 305-306, 298-302 Bassett, 386-390, 419-420, 392-393 

Channing, 338-342, 345-348, 358-359 Elson, 487-488, 472, 496, 479-484 

Fite, 248, 259-261, 265-266, 268-269, Fish, 181, 198, 182, 228, 184-185, 

285 187-190 

Forman, 308-312 Johnson, 328-330 

Hart, 301-304 MacDonald, 44-45, 84, 47 

James & Sanford, 293-298, 327, 305- Dodd. 1-59 

306 Caldwell & Persinger, 369-370, 351- 

McLaughlin, 287-298, 321 354 
Muzzey, 271-275, 331-332, 335, 277- 

279 

LESSON 84 

The Webster- Hayne debate and the Georgia Indian-lands 
controversy (1829-1831). — Inauguration of Jackson, his adop- 
tion of the "spoils system" in the civil service, and determina- 
tion of administration policies through a "kitchen" cabinet, 
1829; opening of British West Indian ports to United States 
trade, 1829; the Eaton scandal, and the beginning of the breach 
between Jackson and Calhoun, 1829 ; Jackson's first annual mes- 
sage, and its criticism of the United States Bank, 1829; failure 
of Jackson's attempt to purchase Texas, and Mexican forbid- 



American History 7 

ding of further American immigration into Texas, 1829-1830; 
Senator Foote's resolution in favor of restricting the sale of 
western lands, Hayne's charge of "sectional legislation," the 
Webster-Hayne debate on states-rights, and Jackson's "union" 
toast 1830; Jackson's discovery of Calhoun's attitude on Sem- 
inole war controversy in 1818, and widening of breach between 
Jackson and Calhoun, 1830; renewed movement for internal 
improvements between 1826 and 1830, and Jackson's checking 
through Maysville road veto of 1830; Jackson's refusal to en- 
force decision of supreme court in favor of Georgia Indians, 
1830-1831 ; completion of breach between Jackson and Calhoun, 
and reconstruction of Jackson's official cabinet, 1831; publica- 
tion of the Book of Mormon, beginning of Mormonism, and 
beginning of persecutions, 1830-1831 ; treaty with France for 
settlement of spoliation claims, 1831 ; failure of attempted ar- 
l^tration of northeastern boundarv dispute with Great Britain, 
1829-1832. 

Adams & Trent, 287, 273-278, 331 West, 512, 545, 507-509, 503, 495 

Ashley, 308, 303-304, 302, 475 Bassett, 415-418, 400-402, 411, 420, 
, Channing, 371-372, 359-363 394-399 

Fite, 278, 270-271, 272, 274, 275- Elson, 496, 488-491, 486, 499-500, 

276, 287, 362-363 620 

Forman, 318, 346. 313-314, 320-321, Fish, 226, 210-214, 227-228, 194, 

365 201-203, 191-192, 278-279 

Hart, 308-309, 323-326, 327, 329-331 Dodd, 84, 58-64, 72, 85, 105 

James & Sanford, 306-309, 304 MacDonald, 53-55, 47-48, 58-59 

McLaughlin, 321. 298-302 Caldwell & Persinger, 361-363, 376- 
Muzzey, 284, 333. 279-281 377 



LESSON 85 

The campaign of 1832, and the bank and nullification con- 
troversies of 1832-1833.— Rise of the Anti-Masonic party to 
national prominence from 1828 to 1830, and its introduction of 
national "nominating convention" in 1831; establishment of 
Garrison's "Liberator" and beginning of new "Abolitionist" 
movement, 1831-1832; congressional passage and presidential 
veto of bill for recharter of United States bank 1832; reduc- 
tion of protective tariff, 1832; adoption of national nominating 
convention by all parties in campaign of 1832; predominance of 



8 Student's Outline 

bank question in campaign of 1832 and easy victory of Jackson- 
ian Democrats over National Republicans; the Black Hawk 
Indian war of 1832; South Carolina nullification of tariff of 
1832, failure of other 'states to join with it, congressional pas- 
sage of "force" and "compromise tariff" bills of 1833, and 
South Carolina withdrawal of ordinance of nullification; Jack- 
son's "removal" of government deposits from United States 
bank to "pet" state banks; senate censure of Jackson, and be- 
ginning of Benton's campaign for "expunging" of the censure, 
1833. 

Adams & Trent, 283-286, 278-281, West, 523-526, 509-514, 539-541 

289 Bassett, 402-405, 428-430, 466, 407- 

Ashley, 300, 335, 303, 305-309 410, 412-415 

Channing, 363-367, 372-374 ' Elson, 491-497, 509-511 

Fite, 288-289, 271-274, 276 Fish, 214-218, 291-293, 199-200, 204- 

Forman, 340, 314-320, 361 208, 221-223 

Hart, 327-328, 331 Dodd, 161-163, 69-75. 77-80, 66, 87 

James & Sanford, 307-311, 314-316 MacDonald, 45, 69-70, 49-55 

McLaughlin, 279-280, 315-316, 301- Caldwell & Persinger, 354-356, 364- 

304 376 
Muzzey, 292-293, 316-320, 281-282, 
284-286 

LESSON 86 

"Wildcat banking," Abolitionism, the campaign of 1836, 
and the "specie circular," (1834-1836). — Garrison's organiza- 
tion of American Anti-Slavery society, and conflict over school 
for negro girls in Connecticut, 1833 ; rapid development of 
other "reform" movements during the thirties; rapid growth 
of railroads, and "pet" bank encouragement of speculation in 
railroads and western lands after 1833 ; establishment of "In- 
dian territory" and beginning of removal of eastern Indians 
to it, 1834; Jackson's forcing of settlement of damage claims 
by France, 1835 ; beginning of American missionary and fur- 
trading activities in Oregon, 1835 ; rise of Taney to supreme 
court in 1835 and beginning of reaction by court in direction 
of states-rights; second Seminole Indian war (1835-1842); 
increasing southern hostility to Abolitionism, and exclusion of 
Abolition literature from the mails 1835; American interest in 
and unofficial assistance to Texan struggle for independence 



American History 9 

from Mexico, 1835-1836; beginning of struggle over Abolition 
petitions in congress and "gag rule," 1836; success of Benton's 
struggle for "expunging" of senate censure of Jackson, 1836; 
payment of public debt and provision for "distribution" of 
treasury surplus among the states, 1835-1836; flooding of fed- 
eral treasury with state-bank paper money, and Jackson's issue 
of "specie circular," 1836; Jackson's dictation of nomination 
of Van Buren, and easy victory of Jacksonian Democrats over 
"Whig" opposition in campaign of 1836. 



Adams & Trent, 284-286, note on Muzzey, 289-292, 286-287, 332-335, 

274, 282, 288-289 321-323, 294-295 

Ashley, 317-322, 325-331, 309, 343, West, 514-515, note on 511, 543-546 

341, 336, 310 Bassett, 476-480, 468, 440, 430-432, 

Channing, 367-369, 354-358, 392, 420-426 

387, 374-376 Elson, 496, 472, 517, 511-513, 501- 

Fite, 276, 277, 278-282, 290-291, 292, 503 

298, 301, 285 Fish, 280-291, 222-226, 191, 277-278, 

Forman, 327-340, 321, 346, 342 238, 293-296, 193-196, 230-233 

Hart, 306-320, 331-332, 333-335, 359- Dodd, 90-99, 108, 85-88, 164-165 

360, 368-78 MacDonald, 78-81, 59-62, 52-53, 95, 

James & Sanford, 302-305, 311-313, 72-76, 85-86 

328, 317, 322, 317-318 Caldwell & Persinger, 358-361, 379- 

McLaughlin, 315, 304-307, note on 395, 368-369 

287, 317-321 

LESSON 87 

The crisis of 1837, the struggle over the sub-treasury sys- 
tem, and the overthrow of Jacksonian Democracy (1837- 
1840). — Final recognition of independence of Texas in last days 
of Jackson's administration ( 1837) ; Van Buren's inauguration, 
civil service policy, and announcement of continuation of Jack- 
sonian policies (1837) ; the panic of 1837 and the industrial 
crisis of 1837 to 1840; Whig demand for revival of United 
States bank, and Democratic attempt to bring about establish- 
ment of independent treasury, 1837; climax of anti-Abolition- 
ism in murder of editor Lovejoy, 1837; American failure to 
accept Texan offer of annexation, 1837; missionary reports of 
Hudson Bay company's activities in the Oregon country and 
revival of "occupation" agitation in congress, 1837-1838; threat- 
ened war between United States and Great Britain over dis- 
puted boundary and territory in the northeast, 1837-1839 ; failure 



10 Student's Outline 

of renewed Democratic attempt to secure establishment of in- 
dependent treasury, 1838-1839; beginning of anti-quitrent agi- 
tation in New York, 1839; damage-claims treaty with Mexico 
(1839); division of Abolitionists and rise of Liberty party, 
1840; final passage of Democratic independent treasury bill, 
"pre-emption act" and "graduation bill" on eve of campaign of 
1840; success of "Whig" opposition and defeat of Van Buren 
in "log cabin and hard cider" campaign of 1840. 

Adams & Trent, 288-290, 282-283, McLaughlin, 307-311, 313, 315-317, 

294 321 

Ashley, 309-313, 341. 335, 344, 342, Muzzey, 288, 295, 324-325. 336, 296- 



303 



298 
West, 515-516, 542, 546, note on 



Channing, 387, 370, 376-377 5jj 521 544 519 

Fite, 292-295, 298, 301, 291 Sasselt, 422. 433-435. 437, 467-468, 

Forman, 341-342, 323-325, note on 473-474 

362, 339 Elson, 503-507. 517, 497-498, 511 

Hart, 332-333, 337 Dodd, 97-112, 166, 124 
James & Sanford, 313-314, 316. 322, MacDonald, 86-88, 61, 71, 11 

318-319 Fish, 229-230, 234-243 

LESSON 88 

Breach between President Tyler and the Whigs (1841- 
1843). — Inauguration of Harrison, and refusal of Clay to serve 
in cabinet under him, 1841 ; death of Harrison, and accession 
of Tyler, 1841 ; Whig repeal of independent treasury act and 
passage of bank act, veto by Tyler, and breach between Tyler 
and the Whigs, 1841-1842; reunion of Calhoun and his fol- 
lowers with the Democratic party, 1842-1843 ; revival of pro- 
tective tariff in behalf of American labor, 1842; Garrison's 
declaration of "no union with slaveholders," and further di- 
vision of Abolitionists, 1842; Tyler's suppression of Dorr's 
"manhood suffrage" rebellion in Rhode Island, 1842; Webster- 
Ashburton settlement of northeastern boundary dispute, and 
failure to settle Oregon dispute, renewal of "occupation" agi- 
tation and beginning of migration to Oregon, 1842-1843; ex- 
pulsion of the Mormons from Missouri, their settlement in Illi- 
nois, and addition of polygamy to the Mormon creed, 1840- 
1843 ; United States and foreign recognition of Hawaiian in- 
dependence, 1843. 



American History 11 

Adams & Trent, 290-291 McLaughlin, 311-314 

Ashley, 313-315, 309, 324-325 Muzzey, 336-338, 328 

Channing, 379-381 West, 518, 520-522, 540 

Fite, 297-298, 285, 301, 315 Bassett, 433, 435, 436-438, 474-476 

Forman, 357-362, 344, note on 324, Elson, 513-516, 522, 521, 525 

338-339, note on 345, 348-350 Dodd, 108, 114-117, 123-125 

Hart, 338-340 MacDonald, 88-89, 110, 95 

James & Sanford, 319-321, 304, 328 Fish, 243-260 

LESSON 89 

Review of American history to 1843. — Norse, Spanish, 
"Reformation," French-English, Revolutionary, "neutral rights 
and nationalistic" periods of American history to 1823; breakup 
of Jeffersonian Republican party and gradual reorganization 
into National Republican (later Whig) and Jacksonian Dertio- 
cratic parties (1824-1828); Jacksonian Democratic victory in 
campaign of 1828, introduction of "spoils system," and rapid 
development of party-"machine" (1828-1829); rise of "nullifi- 
cation" and bank struggles, Jacksonian overthrov^ of bank, and 
congressional compromise of nullification by tariff of 1833 (1828- 
1833) ; "wild-cat banking," specie circular, and "panic of 1837" 
and Democratic establishment of "independent treasury" system 
1833-1840) ; Whig victory in campaign of 1840, overthrow of 
independent treasury, and break with President Tyler over 
question of bank (1840-1843). Topical reviews. — Many "re- 
forms," "isms," experiments and inventions of the Jacksonian 
period; Abolitionism, struggles over free speech, free press and 
right of petition and rise of Liberty party; western land specu- 
lation, westward movement, rise and rapid development of 
steam railroads, and revision of land laws in favor of actual 
settlers; independence of Texas and failure of first attempt at 
annexation, failure of movement for American "occupation" 
of Oregon, settlement of northeastern boundary dispute; merg- 
ing of "nationalism" and "democracy" during Jacksonian pe- 
riod, but reaction of supreme court under Taney towards 

"states rights," Review from class notes, text, and reference 

books; be able to give main points in development of each 
"topic" or "movement" indicated above. 



12 Student's Outline 



PERIOD VIII 

The Struggle over Slavery in the Territories, 1844-1860 
LESSON 90 

"Texas and Oregon" in the presidential campaign of 1844. 

— Southern alarm over British negotiations with Texas, and re- 
newal of Southern demand for annexation of Texas to the 
United States, 1843-1844; increased immigration into Oregon, 
organization of "provisional" government there, and increased 
northern demand for "occupation" of Oregon, 1843-1844; Presi- 
dent Tyler's secret negotiations and treaty for the annexation 
of Texas (spring of 1844), submission of treaty to senate, and 
senate postponement of action upon it until after meeting of 
party nominating conventions; declaration of Clay and Van 
Buren against immediate annexation (April) ; Whig nomination 
of Clay, ignoring of Texas and Oregon, and attempt to make 
tariff chief issue (May) ; "Texas and Oregon" bargain between 
northwestern and southern wings of Democratic party, and 
nomination of Polk (May) ; senate rejection of Tyler treaty 
(June), and failure of Tyler's attempt to create a "Tyler and 
Texas" party; beginning of persecution of Mormons in Illinois, 
introduction of Morse's electric telegraph, failure of attempts 
to organize a "western territory" to include routes to Oregon, 
1844 ; southern Whig defection to Democrats and Texas, Clay's 
attempt to conciliate, and loss of northern Liberty Party vote, 
1844; Democratic victory in campaign of 1844. 

Adams & Trent, 293-295, 297, 331- Muzzey, 337-340 

332, 350 West, 544-547, 495, 497 

Ashley, 341-343, 475, 322 Bassett, 438-443, 465 

Channing, 387-389, 392, 355 Elson, 517-522, 621, 616 

Fite, 298-303, 287, 282 Fish, 260-262, 302-306, 279 

Forman, 362, 346-347, 365, 416 Dodd, 167-168, 121-122, 126-131, 
Hart, 341-342, 378 147, 163 

James & Sanford, 322-323, 324 MacDonald, 90-93, 95-102, 110-111 

McLaughlin, 327, 320-323, 294 Caldwell & Persinger, 399-403 



American History 13 

LESSON 91 

The annexation of Texas, the settlement of the Oregon 
controversy, and the outbreak of the Mexican war (Decem- 
ber, 1844 to June, 1846). — Congressional repeal of "gag rule" 
against anti- slavery petitions (December, 1844) ; beginning of 
struggle between north and south over "homestead" public-land 
policy, 1845; congressional passage of joint resolution for an- 
nexation of Texas "(February, 1845) ; establishment of Anna- 
polis naval academy (1845); President Tyler's submission of 
joint resolution to Texas, and ready acceptance by Texan legis- 
lature, convention, and people; sending of Slidell to attempt a 
treaty with Mexico, and admission of Texas as a state, 1845; 
northwestern Democratic demand that "notice" be given to 
British concerning Oregon, southern Democratic opposition. 
Northwestern Democratic charge of "breach of bargain of 1844" 
(December, 1845-April, 1846) ; Democratic restoration of in- 
dependent treasury and reduction of protective tariff, 1846; 
failure of Slidell's mission to Mexico, Mexican attack on troops 
on Rio Grande, and presidential declaration of "war by act of 
Mexico" (May 1846) ; congressional criticism of president and 
support of war, and beginning of American invasions of north- 
ern Mexico, New Mexico and California (May-June, 1846) ; 
British offer of 49th parallel, Polk's decision to submit ques- 
tion to senate, senate acceptance of offer, and northwestern 
Democratic renewal of charges of "bad faith on Oregon" (June, 
1846) ; beginning of extensive use of harvester, rotary printing 
press, sewing machine, and other inventions (1845-1846) ; en- 
couragement to American agriculture through British repeal 
of "corn Ipws" (1846). 

Adams & Trent, 295-300, 350 McLaughlin, 324-326, 328-333 

Ashley, 547, 332, 343-345, 309, 323- Muzzey, note 2 on 322, 341-344, 289 

325 West, 544, 546-547, 585, 497 

Channing, 388-389, 392-395 Bassett, 431, 444-447, 433, 463-465 

Fite, 303-304, 290, 315, 308, 309, Elson, 512, 523-527, 529, 617 

282-284 Fish, 307-312, 296, 269, 314 

Forman, 342, 347-348, 350-353, 416 Dodd, 147-154, 199-201 

Hart, 342-345, 358, 365-368, 378, MacDonald, 98-100, 103-112 

430-433 Caldwell & Persinger, 403-407 

James & Sanford, 318, 323-324, 327- 

330, 302 



14 Student's Outline 



LESSON 92 

The Mexican war and the Wilmot proviso struggle (1846- 
1848). — Successes of Taylor in northern Mexico, of Kearney in 
New Mexico, and of Sloat, Stockton and Fremont in Cali- 
fornia, May-August, 1846) ; President Polk's request for two 
million dollars with which to make peace, and northern Demo- 
cratic attempt to add free-soil "proviso" to this appropriation 
bill and to force free-soil organization of Oregon, and southern 
Democratic response with "property rights" doctrine (August, 

1846) ; failure of "proviso," of Oregon bill, and of two milHon 
bill, and continuation of American invasion of Mexico (Aug- 
ust-December, 1846; Panama-route treaty with Colombia 
(1846); weakening of Taylor's army in order to create new 
army for Scott, failure of Santa Anna's attempt to take ad- 
vantage of it, and beginning of Scott's advance against Mexico 
City (December, 1846- April, 1847) ; second struggle over Wil- 
mot proviso and passage of "fpeace appropriation" bill without 
proviso (1847) ; failure of Trist peace negotiations, renewal of 
war, and rise of "whole of Mexico" agitation (May-August, 

1847) ; the Mormon migration and establishment of "Deseret," 
1847; capture of Mexico City, renewal of peace negotiations 
by Trist, and signing of treaty of peace (September, 1847-Feb- 
ruary, 1848) ; failure of Whig, "whole of Mexico," and Wilmot 
proviso opposition to ratification of treaty (March, 1848) ; the 
Irish famine of 1847 and the doubling of foreign immigration 
to the United States, 1847-1848. 

Adams & Trent, 300-304, 385, 332, McLaughlin, 333-336 

313 Muzzey, 345-349, 351-353 

Ashley, 345-347, 475, 354 West, 548, 550-551, 549, 496 

Channing, 389-391, 397, 548 Bassett, 447-451, 461, 679 

Fite, 305-308, 309, 310, 317, 287- Elson, 528-535, 621 

288, 338 . Fish, 312-317, 279, 272-273, 333 

Forman, 354-355, 380, 365-366, 359 Dodd, 154-159, 170-171, 177, 232- 

Hart, 345-350, 362-364 233 

James & Sanford, 331-333, 342, 304, MacDonald, 113-122, 164 

350 Caldwell & Persinger, 407, 412 



American History 15 



LESSON 93 

The compromise of 1850 (1849-1850).— Renewal of attempt 
to force free-soil organization of Oregon and of Mexican ces- 
sion, failure of Clayton compromise proposal to leave decision 
to supreme court, and final organization of Oregon as free-soil 
territory (March- August, 1848) ; Whig ignoring of slavery 
question in campaign of 1848, Cass's proposal of "non-inter- 
vention," merging of Liberty party with radical northern Dem- 
ocrats in new Free Soil party, and victory of Whig Taylor in 
election of 1848; continuation of struggle over "slavery in the 
territories," and Taylor's attempt to settle by creation of new 
states out of Mexican cession (1848-1849) ; first American 
attempt to purchase Cuba (1849); discovery of gold 
in California, rush of free-soil population, adoption of free- 
soil state constitution, and application for admission to union 
(1849-1850); Clay's proposal of "non-intervention" compro- 
mise, support of Webster, and opposition by Wilmot-proviso 
northerners and property-right southerners, 1850; death of Tay- 
lor, support of compromise by new President Fillmore, and 
adoption of compromise by deciding votes of border-state mod- 
erates, 1850; failure of "Nashville convention" secession 
movement of 1850; various interpretations of meaning of "non- 
intervention" at time of adoption of compromise of 1850; revo- 
lutions of 1848 in Europe, American recognition of Hungarian 
independence, and increase of European immigration to United 
States, 1849-1850; Clayton-Bulwer treaty of 1850 guaranteeing 
neutrality of any inter-oceanic canal; organization of national 
printers' union and beginning of consolidation of railroads into 
"through lines," 1850. 

Adams & Trent, 304-311, 313-314 West, 552-558, 549 

Ashley, 348-353, 515, 320 Bassett, 451-458, 480-482, 461-465, 

Channing, 395-396, 398-403 741, 733 

Fite, 309-313, 317-322, 338 Elson, 535-548, 579, 560-561 

Forman, 359-365, 383-387, 367-368, Fish, 318-325, 274, 333, 315 

412-414, 409-410 Dodd, 171-182, 162-163 

Hart, 351-356, 383-385, 554 MacDonald, 122-143, 162-164, 148- 

James & Sanford, 333-338, 342 149 

McLaughlin, 340-350, 477-481 Caldwell & Persinger, 412-415 
Muzzey, 353-364, 370, 371 



16 Student's Outline 



LESSON 94 

The "finality years" (1851 to March, 1854) .—Attempts of 
conservatives of both north and south to compel acceptance of 
compromise of 1850; northern charges of southern abuse of fu- 
gitive slave law of 1850, and northern evasion of law or re- 
fusal to enforce it, and southern irritation over northern "vio- 
lation of the compromise" 1850-1851; Panama canal and rail- 
way negotiations and the building of the Panama railroad, 
1850-1852; visit of Hungarian Kossuth to America, 1851-1852; 
renewed agitation and offer for purchase of Cuba, and beginning 
of American filibustering expeditions to island, 1851-1852; Whig 
and Democratic declaration of "finality" of compromise in cam- 
paign of 1852; Uncle Tom's Cabin and its influence on the 
rising generation, 1852; appearance of the new "Know-Nothing" 
or "American" party in the state campaigns of 1852; falling 
off of Free Soil vote, and victory of Democratic Pierce over 
Whig Scott in presidential campaign of 1852; failure of Ne- 
braska territorial bill, 1852-1853 ; beginning of state grants of 
aid to railroad building, rise of railroad "systems," and agita- 
tion for trans-continental or Pacific railways, 1851-1854; settle- 
ment of dispute with Mexico and acquisition of route for South- 
ern Pacific railroad (Gadsden purchase, 1853-1854) ; failure of 
first treaty for annexation of Hawaii, filibustering against 
Lower (Mexican) California, agitation for acquisition of Can- 
ada and Cuba, and opening of ports of Japan to American trade 
(spring of 1854). 

Adams & Trent, 311-316, 328, -318- Muzzey, 365-370, 384-385, footnote 

319, 458, note on 308 on 386, footnote on 349 

Ashley, 353-355, 358, 320 West, 558-562, 342 

Channing, 404-407, 413, 429, 425, Bassett, 485-487, 496-497, 462-463, 

548 731-733 

Fite, 20, 322-325, 310-311, 336, 338- Elson, 549-556, 563-572, 561, 579, 

339, 313, 314 534 

Forman, 387-389, 391, 393-394, 398, Fish. 327-334, 332 

note on 367 Dodd, 242, 232-233, 181-182 

Hart, 378, 382-387 MacDonald, 152-161, 164, 185, 166- 

James & Sanford, 339-343, 352, 350 169, 148, 144-145 

McLaughlin, 351-354, 347-348, 359, Caldwell & Persinger, 418-419 

note on 336 



American History 17 



LESSON 95 

The Kansas-Nebraska bill, the beginning of the struggle 
for Kansas, and the rise of the Republican party (1854-1856). 

— Revival of Nebraska territorial bill in congress of 1853-1854 
and reference to Douglas's committee on territories; Douglas's 
report in favor of two territories and application of principle of 
compromise of 1850 to them (Jan., 1854) ; appeal of Independ- 
ent Democrats against plan- of Douglas, beginning of the Re- 
publican party, and struggle in congress over bill (Jan.-May) ; 
passage of Kansas-Nebraska bill with "repeal of Missouri com,- 
promise" declared within it (May) ; heightening of anti-slavery 
agitation by Democratic "Ostend manifesto" in favor of forcible 
annexation of Cuba, 1854; northern organization of societies 
to encourage free-soil immigration to Kansas, movement of 
Missouri voters into Kansas to carry first territorial election, 
pro-slavery victory, and presidential recognition of pro-slavery 
territorial government, 1855; free soil refusal to recognize ter- 
ritorial government, organization of free-soil state government, 
and application to congress for admission, 1855; civil war in 
Kansas, the Sumner-Brooks conflict in congress, and deadlock 
between house and senate, 1855-1856; refusal of "Know-Noth- 
ing" party to take sides, Republican declaration for free Kansas, 
Democratic reaffirmation of "finality of compromise of 1850," 
and narrow escape of Democrats from defeat by new Repub- 
lican party in campaign of 1856. 

Adams & Trent, 317-318, 320-325, Muzzey, 379-395, 373 

329-331 West, 562-565, 548-549 

Ashley, 354-360 Bassett, 487-491, 493-496, 765 

Channing, 408-416, 549 Elson, 572-592, 615 

Fite, 325-330, 335-336 Fish, 335-344, 346-347, 332 

Forman, 368, 389-391, 411, 393-399 Dodd, 234-247 

Hart, 388-392 MacDonald, 169-201, 150, 212-217 

James & Sanford, 346-353 Caldwell & Persinger, 419-425 
McLaughlin, 354-364 



18 Student's Outline 



LESSON 96 

The Dred Scott decision, the struggle over the Lecompton 
constitution, and the Lincoln-Douglas debates (1857-1858). — 

American prosperity and speculation during 1850 to 1856, rise 
of surplus revenue from large importations, and reduction of 
tariff in 1857; panic of 1857, industrial crisis, and revival of 
demand for protective tariff; conflict between Mormons and 
federal authorities, 1857; suprem^ court opinion against Mis- 
souri compromise and in favor of property-rights doctrine 
(Dred Scott decision, 1857) ; Kansas pro-slavery formulation 
and adoption of Lecompton constitution, free soil control of 
territory and rejection of Lecompton constitution, 1857; attempt 
of Buchanan to force Lecompton constitution on Kansas, op- 
position of Douglas and his break w^ith Buchanan, and Kansas 
rejection of "English bill" compromise offer, 1858; Republican 
nomination of Lincoln as candidate for Illinois senatorship, his 
debates with Douglas, and his forcing of Douglas to repudiate 
Dred Scott opinion through Douglas's theory of "unfriendly 
legislation," 1858; election of Douglas, Republican gains in 
house of representatives, and disappearance of Kansas question 
from congress, 1858. 

Adams & Trent, 326-328, 331-336, Muzzey, 396-402 

339-340 West, 521, 579, 565-572 

Ashley, 325, 475, 366-373, 360-363 Bassett, 482-483, 497-502, 492-493, 

Channing, 432-433, 416-418, 412- 733 

413 Elson, 524-525, 592-604, 621 

Fite, 330-335, 339 Fish, 344-351 

Forman, note on 414, 399-406 Dodd, 247-250, 251-258, 261-263 

Hart, 378-380, 392-398 MacDonald, 230-240, 218-229, 244, 

James & Sanford, 353, 357, 359-363 203-207 

McLaughlin, 365-375, 377 Caldwell & Persinger, 425-430 

LESSON 97 

John Brown's raid of 1859, the Davis resolutions in con- 
gress, free-soil victory in the campaign of 1860. — Failure of 
renewed attempt to bring about annexation of Cuba, 1858-1859; 
John Brown's plan to establish fugitive-slave centers in south, 
his seizure of Harper's Ferry arsenal, and his capture, trial 



American History 19 

and execution, 1859; southern and northern interpretation of 
his action; beginning of development of new mining "west," 
and of oil regions of Pennsylvania, 1859 ; struggle over Helper's 
"Impending Crisis" and the speakership at opening of congress 
of 1859-1860; Jefferson Davis's and southern Democratic de- 
mand for "protection of slavery in the territories" (Feb.-Apr., 
1860) ; congressional passage and presidential veto of "home- 
stead" public-land bill; rise of packing-house industry on east- 
ern border of large grain regions (1860) ; rejection of southern 
demand by Democratic convention of 1860, secession of south- 
ern delegates, and rival Democratic conventions, platforms and 
nominations in campaign of 1860; Republican nomination of 
less-radical Lincoln on platform of "free soil in the territories;" 
conservative attempt to avoid slavery issue by organization of 
Constitutional Union party with "constitution and its compro- 
mises" as its platform; division of northern vote between Lin- 
coln and Douglas, and southern vote between Breckenridge and 
Bell, and election of Lincoln by minority (but plurality) vote, 
1860. 

Adams & Trent, 336-342, 329 Muzzey, 405-412 

Ashley, 368, 370-373 West, 570,572-575, 585 

Channing, 418-420, 423-424, 435-439 Bassett, 502-509, 677 

Fite, 339-344, 346, 408 Elson, 604-614, 617-618 

Format!, 405-407 Fish, 351-358 

Hart, 398-404, 366 Dodd, 258-266, 247 

James & Sanford, 363-366 MacDonald, 239-248, 192-193 

McLaughlin, 375-378, 475 Caldwell & Persinger, 430-432 

LESSON 98 

Review of American history to 1860. — Norse, Spanish, "Ref- 
ormation," French and English Revolutionary, "neutral rights 
and nationalistic," and "Jacksonian Democratic" periods of 
American history to 1843; southern and northwestern Demo- 
cratic "bargain of 1844" as to "Texas and Oregon," the "re- 
annexation of Texas," the compromise on Oregon, and the 
breakdown of the old policy of "equal division of union between 
free and slave soil," 1844-1846; the Mexican War, northern 
Democratic proposal of "Wilmot proviso," southern Democratic 



20 Student's Outline 

announcement of "property rights" doctrine, and "compromise 
of 1850" on "non-intervention;" attempt of 1851-1853 to make 
compromise of 1850 a "finality," and rise of the anti-immigrant 
"■Know-Nothing" party ; revival of slavery struggle by Douglas's 
application of "principle of compromise of 1850" to Kansas and 
Nebraska territories, the breakdown of Whig and "Know-Noth- 
ing" parties and rise of Republican party, 1854; early pro- 
slavery and final free-soil control of new Kansas territory, 
1855-1857; the Dred Scott case, the Lincoln-Douglas debates, 
and Democratic division and Republican victory in campaign of 
1860. Topical Reviews. — Expansion of United States by acqui- 
sition of Texas, Oregon, New Mexico and California, and failure 
of movements for addition of Canada, lower California, "all of 
Mexico," and Hawaii; Irish-Catholic and German immigration 
and the rise and decline of the "Native American" or "Know 
Nothing" movement; rise of Mormonism, its persecution, re- 
moval to west, beginning of "Deseret" or later Utah, and com- 
pulsory submission to authority of United States; invention or 
practical application of telegraph, reaper, sewing machine, ocean 
steamer, etc. ; discovery of gold in California, development of 
"overland routes" and Panama railroad, general development of 
railroads, general prosperity and speculation, panic of 1857 and 
demand for revival of protective tariff. — Review from class 
notes, text and reference books. 



American History 21 



PERIOD IX 

The Civil War (1861-1865) 

LESSON 99 

Comparison of North and South in 1860-1861. — Compar- 
ison or contrast as to elements of population; as to increase of 
population; as to industrial development; as to intellectual de- 
velopment and characteristics; as to political institutions and 
ideals; religious divisions and differences; sectional explana- 
tions of these differences. 

Adams & Trent, 357-362, 348-350 Muzzey, 430-436 

Ashley, 387-389 West, 576-586 

Channing, 424-435 Elson, 616-627 

Forman, 433-435 Fish, 264-280, 373-377 

Hart, 420-433 1st Paxson, 11-24 

James & Sanford, 377-380 Caldwell & Persinger, 433-450 

LESSON 100 

Secession, failure of attempts at compromise, and out- 
break of the civil war (Nov. 1860 to Apr., 1861). — South Csi-.v 
lina legislative call of convention to consider secession (Nov., 
1860) ; Buchanan's message to congress declaring unconstitu- 
tionality of either secession or the suppression of secession, and 
failure to strengthen federal forts in the south (Dec.) ; con- 
gressional selection of committees to attempt a new compromise 
(Dec.) ; South Carolina ordinance of secession, declaration of 
causes, and request for its share of federal property in the 
south (Dec.) ; failure of congressional attempt to revive Mis- 
souri compromise, and failure of Buchanan's attempt to relieve 
Fort Sumter (Star of the West, Jan.) ; secession of the "cotton 
states," withdrawal of their members from congress, and their 
seizure of federal forts within their boundaries (Jan.-Feb.) ; 
admission of free Kansas, organization of Colorado, Nevada 



22 Student's Outline 

and Dakota territories, and new development of mining west 
(1861); Virginia or Tyler "peace convention" at Washington 
and its recommendation of compromise (Feb.) ; Montgomery 
convention of seceded states, formation of constitution, and es- 
tablishment of Confederate States of America (Feb.) ; Lin- 
coln's inauguration, attempt to reinforce Sumter, southern firing 
on Sumter, and the "call to arms" by both north and south 
(Mar.- Apr.) ; proposed thirteenth amendment guaranteeing 
slavery dropped on outbreak of war. 

Adams & Trent, 342-348, 353, 331, West, 586-596 

354-357 Bassett, 511-517, 493, 677-679, 587- 

Ashley, 373-383 588 

Channing, 439-446, 450-453 Elson, 628-644 

Fite, 344-353 Dodd, 268-275 

Forman, 423-432, 411-412 Fish, 360-368, 439, 373 

Hart, 404-418, 466 1st Paxson, 25-53, 190-191 

James & Sanford, 368-374 2d Paxson, 20-21 

McLaughlin, 378-387, 474-475 Caldwell & Persinger, 451-456 
Muzzey, 413-419, 421-425 

LESSON 101 

Federal clearing of Missouri and West Virginia, and fail- 
ure of first campaign against Richmond (May to July, 1861). 

— Gathering of confederate forces in Missouri, Kentucky and 
Western Virginia (Apr. -May) ; secession of the "tobacco 
states," failure of secession in Missouri, Kentucky, western Vir- 
ginia, Maryland and Delaware, and beginning of union attempt 
to clear Missouri and western Virginia of confederates (May) ; 
British and French recognition of "rights of belligerency" of 
southern states (May) ; union proclamation and beginning of 
blockade of southern ports and shutting off of foreign market 
for southern cotton (May) ; Butler's order of "contraband" as 
to negroes (May) ; McClellan's driving of confederates from 
western Virginia, establishment of Pierpont "loyal" govern- 
ment in northern Virginia, and beginning of movement for 
separation of West Virginia (May -June) ; union success in sup- 
pressing first confederate uprising in Missouri (June) ; meeting 
of extra session of union congress, authorization of enlistment, 
loan and issue of treasury notes, doubling of tariff duties, and 



American History 23 

levying of new federal taxes (July) ; popular demand for move- 
ment against Richmond, McDowell's advance, and overwhelm- 
ing union defeat at Bull Run (July). 

Adams & Trent, 362-368, 357, 359 West, 596-599, 610-612, 604, 606- 

Ashley, 383-385, 389-396 607 

Channing, 454-457, 460-461, 463-467, Bassett, 517, 520, 521-522, 526, 577, 

470 569, 483 

Fite, 353-354, parts of 355-356, 357, Elson, 644-646, 649-664, 668 

363, 388 Fish, 368-372, 381-388, 396-398, 390 

Forman, 437-444, 468, 453-454 1st Paxson, 1-9 

Hart, 435-442, 469, 470 2d Paxson, 54-69, 174-176, 115-118, 
James & Sanford, 375-377, 379-380, 72-81, 197-199, 103-105 

386-387 Dodd, 275-285 

McLaughlin, 456-458, 461 Caldwell & Persinger, 456-458, 461 
Muzzey, 425-428, 435-440, 453, 469 

LESSON 102 

Confederate recovery of Missouri and failure in Ken- 
tucky; federal preparation for a second attack on Richmond; 
the Trent affair (July-December, 1851). — Congressional pas- 
sage of first "confiscation" act and declaration that war was 
"not for overthrow of slavery" (July) ; organization Sanitary 
Commission and other like bodies; replacing of McDowell by 
McClellan in the east, and his beginning of preparation for a 
new eastern campaign (July-Aug.) ; congressional act author- 
izing confiscation of slaves used in war by confederates (Aug.) ; 
revival of confederate movement in Missouri, death of union 
General Lyon, and confederate occupation of Missouri (Aug.) ; 
Fremont in command union forces in Missouri, his proclama- 
tion of military emancipation, and Lincoln's recall of both proc- 
lamation and Fremont (Aug.) ; successful beginning of union 
attack on Roanoke, Va., and Grant's seizure of Paducah and 
Cairo on the Mississippi (Aug.-Sept.) ; confederate attack on 
and defeat of small section of McClellan's army at Ball's Bluff 
(Oct.), and successful beginning of union attack on Charles- 
ton, S. C. (Nov.) ; union capture of confederate commissioners 
from British vessel "Trent," British demand for their release 
and American apology, and British preparation for war (Nov.) ; 
new session of congress, admission of new free-soil state of 
West Virginia, and refusal to renew Crittenden resolution of 



24 Student's Outline 

July, 1861, as to purpose of war (Dec.) ; American yielding 
to British demands, and ending of "Trent" affair (Dec.) ; fluc- 
tuation in value of state and national paper money, and sus- 
pension of specie payment by banks (Dec.) ; French and Span- 
ish entrance into Mexico to force payment of debts due for- 
eigners (Dec). 

Adams & Trent, 387, 368-371, 395, Muzzey, 440, 470, 442, 436 

373-374, 364, 359, 444 West, 607, 612 

Ashley, 412, 399-402, 390-391, 384 Bassett, 545, 576-578, 576-578, 526- 
Channing, 475, 481, 470-471, 503 527, 570, 521-523, 588-589, 541 

Fite, 355, 372-374, 386-387, 375, Elson, 669-672, 691-692, 658-659, 

385-386 676-677, 679, 713, 664-667, 731, 

Forman, 438-441, 486 778 

Hart, 442, 470, 467-468, 471, 478 Dodd, 289-292, 279, 315 

James & Sanford, 385, 390, 381- Fish, 398, 388, 403, 370, 423 

382, 387-388, 436 1st Paxson, 70-71,118-120, 133-134, 
McLaughlin, 395-396, note on 400, 81-87, 175, 199, 104 

390, 442-443 Caldwell & Persinger, 459, 461-463 

LESSON 103 

Grant's breaking of the confederate line in the west; fail- 
ure of McClellan's "Peninsular campaign" in the east (Jan.- 
July, 1862). — Grant's breaking through the confederate line in 
the wfest by the capture of Forts Henry and Donelson, and 
confederate withdrawal from Kentucky, followed by Grant and 
Buell (Feb.) ; congressional legal tender (greenback) act, 
authorization of new loans and treasury notes, and levying of 
new taxes (Feb.) ; final expulsion of confederates from Mis- 
souri and their defeat at Pea Ridge, Ark. (Mar.) ; attack on 
union blockading vessels by confederate iron-clad, and its de- 
feat by new union iron-clad Monitor (Mar.) ; Lincoln's recom- 
mendation of compensated emancipation, and congressional 
emancipation of slaves in District of Columbia (Mar.-Apr.) ; 
failure of confederate attempt to check Grant's advance at 
Shiloh (Apr.) ; Farragut's opening of lower Mississippi and 
union occupation of New Orleans (Apr.) ; beginning of 
McClellan's peninsular campaign against Richmond, and failure 
of confederate attempt to stop it by Jackson's advance up Shen- 
andoah valley against Washington (Apr.-May) ; final adoption 
of "homestead" land policy, land-grants in aid of industrial 



American History 25 

education and provision for railroad to the Pacific (May-July) ; 
Grant's capture of Corinth and union occupation of Ft. Pillow 
and Memphis (May-June) ; Lincoln's recall of General Hunter's 
proclamation of military emancipation, and congressional abo- 
lition of slavery in the territories (June) ; beginning of con- 
troversy with Great Britain over outfitting of confederate 
cruisers in British ports (Mar.-June) ; McClellan's "Seven 
Days' battle" in peninsular campaign, beginning of siege, and 
recall of McClellan and his army by Lincoln (June-July) ; 
congressional act authorizing confiscation of slaves of all south- 
erners engaged in rebellion, and Lincoln's suggestion to cabinet 
of desirability of military emancipation (July). 

Adams & Trent, 372-374, 376-379, Muzzey, 443-446, 470-472, 440-441, 

381-397, 403 512 

Ashley, 402-405, 392-393, 407-409, West, 599-600, 606-608, 612-613 

460 461 412 390 Bassett, 527-529, 573-576, 542, 569- 

Chanaing, 467-469, 459-460. 471- 5^0, ^5^7^8, 546-550, 680-681. 523- 

T,-^'^^'J^\'^f^'J^\'7C -207 Elson! 679-690. 731, 673-676, 713, 

Fite, 358-364, 374-375, 387 /;q^ 7no ixt. nnf.n'n 

Forman, 444-451, 469-473, 515, 491 Dodd 292 299 

Hart, 442-446, 468-469, 471-472, pig^, ' 390-392. 417. 383-386. 401. 

476-477. 505-506, 509 396, 398-399 

James & Sanford, 381-386; 388, 1st Paxson, 120-130, 177-181, 191- 

390, 441. 401-402 197, 199-201. 105-107, 109, 92-99, 

McLaughlin, 396-402, 412-413, 481, 158, 87-91 

478-479 Caldwell & Persin^er, 459 

LESSON 104 

Failure of third and fourth union movements against 
Richmond, Bragg's invasion of Kentucky and Lee's first in- 
vasion of Maryland (Aug.-Dec, 1862). — Halleck made com- 
mander-in-chief of union forces, and Pope put in place of 
McClellan in the east (July, 1862) ; beginning of union move- 
ment, under Buell, towards Chattanooga (July) ; Pope's new 
advance against Richmond, and second union defeat at Bull 
Run (Aug.) ; Greeley's "prayer for twenty million" for "mili- 
tary emancipation," and reply of Lincoln that his work was 
*'to save the union" (Aug.) ; confederate Bragg's invasion of 
Kentucky, and threatening of Ohio river towns (Aug.-Sept.) ; 
Lee's invasion of Maryland and check at Antietam by restored 



26 Student's Outline 

McClellan (Sept. 4-17) ; Lincoln's preliminary proclamation of 
emancipation and suspension of habeas corpus, and beginning 
of northern opposition to Lincoln's policies (Sept.); Bragg's 
retreat from Ohio river, defeat by Buell at Perryville, and 
return to Chattanooga (Sept. -Oct.) ; failure of Grant's first 
campaign against Vicksburg, Republican losses in state elections 
of 1862, rise of "copperhead" opposition to the war, failure of 
new advance on Richmond under Burnsides, and second union 
driving of Bragg back to Chattanooga (Nov.-Dec, 1862). 

Adams & Trent, 396-406, 379-380, West, footnote on 608, 598, 608- 

373, 408-409 610, 614-615 

Ashley, 410-413, 411, 416-417 Bassett, 550-557, 529-531, 579-582, 

Channing, 477-480, 483-485, 487- 585-586 

488 Elson, 714-722, 706-712, 121-126, 

Fite, 365, 359, 362, 369-370 732, 734 

Forman, 446-441, 451-454, 473, 457 Dodd, 299-304, 295 

Hart, 446-447, 464-465, 472-474 Fish, 390, 392, 399-400 

James & Sanford, 389-392, first note 1st Paxson, 100-102, 160-163, 130- 

on 384, 383, 394 140, 108, 109, 111-113, 175, 177, 

McLaughlin, 398-399, 402-409, 394 181, 187, 217-219 

Muzzey, 446-448, second footnote Caldwell & Persinger, 460 

on 471, 454, footnote on 455 

LESSON 105 

Failure of fifth union movement against Richmond; 
union capture of Vicksburg and repulse of Lee's second in- 
vasion at Gettysburg (Jan.- July, 1863). — Dissensions in Lin- 
coln's cabinet by beginning of 1863 ; final proclamation of eman- 
cipation and beginning of union enlistment of colored troops 
(Jan., 1863) ; congressional authorization of a national bank 
system, of draft or conscription, and of suspension of habeas 
corpus (Feb.-Mar.) ; continued movement of settlers and gold 
seekers to west, and organization of Idaho and Arizona terri- 
tories (1863) ; failure of Grant's second attempt on Vicksburg 
(Mar.) ; fifth union advance on Richmond under Hooker, and 
union defeat at Chancellorsville (Apr.-May) ; French desire to 
recognize confederacy, refusal of England and Russia, and 
beginning of French conquest of Mexico, and beginning of 
Spanish attempts at conquest in Santo Domingo and Peru 
(1863); southern threat against negro soldiers, and Lincoln's 



American History 27 

threat of retaliation (May) ; arrest and exile of Vallandigham 
of Ohio for opposition to war, (May) ; slow closing in of Grant 
on Vicksburg, and beginning of siege (Apr.-May) ; third at- 
tempted sally of Bragg from Chattanooga, checked by Rose- 
crans (June) ; Lee's second invasion of north, and repulse at 
Gettysburg by eastern union army under Meade (June 10-July 
3) ; surrender of Vicksburg to Grant (July 3) and opening of 
the Mississippi. 

Adams & Trent, 403-406, 432, 409- West, 605, 603, 616, 598, 600, 613- 

412, 414-419, 359-360, 444 614 

Ashley, 426, 413-419 Bassett, 580-583, 573-575, 585-586, 

Channing, 483-488, 459, 513 678-679, 557-562, 588-589, 531-533 

Fite, 365-368, 388-389 Elson, 727, 729, 714-716, 735-746, 

Forman, 473-474, 456-457, 465-466, 731-732, 722-725, 748, 779-780 

note on 469, note on 367, 493, Dodd, 314-316, 304-307, 302 

441, note on 486 1st Paxson, 179, 220-222, 158, 141- 

Hart, 447-449, 465, 474-475, 492 146, 163-173, 186, 189-190 

James & Sanford, 391-396, 437, 2d Paxson, 27 

399-401 Fish, 400-402, 389-391, 393, 423, 

McLaughlin, 408-414, 422-423, 392, 370 

442-443 Caldwell & Persinger, 463-464 
Muzzey, 448-451, 472-473, 454 

LESSON 106 

Union clearing of eastern Tennessee; beginning of presi- 
dential "restoration" of conquered southern states (July, 
1863-April, 1854). — "Draft-riots" in large northern cities (July, 
1863) ; Morgan's raid across the Ohio (July) ; Rosecran's cap- 
ture of Chattanooga and confederate besieging of him there 
(Aug.-Sept.) ; candidacy of Vallandigham for governorship of 
Ohio, and his defeat by combination of Republicans and war- 
Democrats (Sept.-Oct.) ; federal raising of sieges of Chatta- 
nooga and Knoxville, confederate abandonment of all eastern 
Tennessee activities and retirement to Georgia (Oct. -Nov,).; 
President Lincoln's proclamation (Dec. 3) of "10 per cent 
plan" for "restoration" of "loyal governments" in conquered 
states, and beginning of work of restoration in Louisiana, Ar- 
kansas and Tennessee ; beginning of campaign against re-nom- 
ination of Lincoln (Jan.-Feb., 1864) ; Grant made commander- 
in-chief and preparing for sixth advance against Richmond 



28 Student's Outline 

(Feb.) ; failure of union expedition against confederates on 
Red River in Louisiana (Mar.) ; new loans, new taxes, further 
depreciation of paper money, and first attempt to pass Xlllth 
amendment. 

Adams & Trent, 419-420, 412-414, McLaughlin, 411, 413-414, 422-423, 

446-447, 432, 422, 359, 434-435 426 

Ashley, 418-419, 431, 434-435, 393 Muzzey, 456-458, 460, 478 

Channing, 488, 490, 505 West, 603, 616, 620-621 

Fite, 368-369, 371-372, 412 Bassett, 572-573, 533-535, 583-584, 

Forman, 457-459, 466-469, 476-477, 594-597, 541-542, 580-581 

474 Elson, 728-730, 747-752, 787-788, 

Hart, 449-451, 465, 478-479 761-762, 758, 785, 794 

James & Sanford, 398-399, 417-418, Dodd, 307-313 

405, 402 

LESSON 107 

Sherman's campaign against Atlanta, and beginning of 
Grant's campaign against Richmond (May-Oct., 1864). — 

Maximilian made emperor of Mexico by the French (1864) ; 
beginning of Sherman's slow driving of Johnston from Dalton 
towards Atlanta (May) ; beginning of Grant's advance against 
Richmond, and heavy losses in early battles (May) ; Republican 
convention, failure of anti-Lincoln movement, and nomination 
of Lincoln and Johnson (June) ; final settling of Grant into 
siege of. Petersburg (June) ; continued movements of settlers 
and gold-seekers to the west, organization of Montana territory 
and admission of Nevada, Indian warfare, and new Pacific 
railway grants (1863-1864) ; amendment of national banking 
act (1864); passage of Wade-Davis "reconstruction" bill by 
congress, its "pocket-veto" by Lincoln, and the Wade-Davis 
"manifesto" against Lincoln (July) ; depreciation of union paper 
money nearly "3 to 1" (Jnly) ; beginning of Confederate 
Early's raid up the Shenandoah valley (July) ; Farragut's cap- 
ture of Mobile fort, slow progress of Sherman towards Atlanta, 
lack of results from Grant's siege of Petersburg, and general 
feeling of northern discouragement (July- Aug.) ; Democratic 
convention, and its nomination of McClellan and declaration 
that "war is a failure" (Aug.) ; Sherman's capture of Atlanta, 
Sheridan's expulsion of Early from Shenandoah valley, failure 
of confederate raid into Missouri and failure of Hood's attempt 



American History 29 

to draw Sherman back into Tennessee (Sept.-Oct.) ; contro- 
versy over arrest and conviction of Milligan of Indiana for 
opposition to the war (Sept.-Oct.) ; continuation of Lincoln's 
work of restoring "loyal" governments in Louisiana, Tennessee, 
and Arkansas, and abolition of slavery by Louisiana, Tennessee, 
and Maryland (1864). 

Adams & Trent, 444-445, 422-429, Muzzey, 497, 458-461, note on 478 

430-435, 458-459, 359 West, 639, 600-602, 621, 616 

Ashley, 419-423 Bassett, 589, 535-540, 536-538, 612, 

Channing, 513, 490-491, 493-496 563-565, 584, 677-678, 576, 571, 

Fite, 376-378, 404 580, 680-681, 597-598, 542-543 

Forman, note on 486, 459-461, 474, Elson, 779, 752-764, 788-789 

493, 490-491, 469 Fish, 423, 393-394, 404-405, 391, 

Hart, 451-455, 457-458, 469-470, 439, 417-418, 414 

475-476, 506 Dodd, 316-322 

James & Sanford, 437, 402-407, 418 1st Paxson, 209-217, 223-230 

McLaughlin, 442-443, 417-420, 422, 2d Paxson, 27 

415-416, 424, note on 475. Caldwell & Persinger, 467-468 

LESSON 108 
Sherman's "march to the sea" and northward to join 
Grant; the fall of Richmond (Nov. 1864- Apr., 1865).— North- 
ern continuation of industrial development, prosperity, and rise 
of first large private fortunes during the war; southern loss of 
cotton market, exhaustion and devastation during the war, and 
break-down of the confederacy; Sherman's "march to the sea" 
from Atlanta, and final defeat of Hood by Thomas in Tennessee 
(Nov.-Dec, 1864) ; reaction in favor of Lincoln, and his re- 
election at end of presidential campaign of 1864; congressional 
refusal to recognize Lincoln's ''restored" states, submission of 
XIII amendment abolishing slavery, and refusal to consider 
Lincoln's suggestion of compensated emancipation (Jan., 1865) ; 
abolition of slavery by Tennessee (Jan.) ; failure of Hampton 
Roads "peace conference" (Feb.) ; Sherman's march northward 
through the Carolinas (Feb.-Mar.) ; congressional establish- 
ment of Freedman's Bureau for aiding of ex-slaves, and ex- 
tinction of state-bank paper money by 10% tax (Mar.) ; con- 
federate evacuation of Petersburg and Richmond, and surrender 
of Lee to Grant at Appomatox (Apr. 1-9) ; assassination of 
Lincoln and attempted assassination of Seward (Apr. 14) ; sur- 
render of remaining confederate forces and end of the war. 



30 Student's Outline 

Adams & Trent, 428-430, 432-444, Muzzey, 505-507, 461-469, 479, 474, 

447 481 

Ashley, 393-394, 423-437 West, 657, 606, 604, 600-602, 580, 
Channinig, 502, 460-461, 491-493, 610, 617-620 

496-498, 504-508 Bassett, 566-569, 665, 538-541, 580, 
Fite, 378-391 619, 584-585, 598-599, 575, 603 

Forman, 460, 474, 477-479, 481, Elson, 765-776, 793-794, 780-784 

note on 470, 462 Fish, 394, 404-405, 402, 407, 409- 
Hart, 455-456, 458-462, 476, 477- 410, 391, 437 

478, 479-482, 484-486 1st Paxson, 203-208, 232-248 

James & Sanford, 440-442, 407-416 Dodd, 310-313, 322-328 

McLaughlin, 421-422, 425-431, 433 Haworth, 7-12 

LESSON 109 

Review of American history to 1865. — Norse, Spanish, 
"Reformation," French-English, Revolutionary, "neutral rights 
and nationalistic," Jacksonian Democratic, and "Slavery in the 
territories" periods of American history to 1860; southern se- 
cession, failure of attempts at a new compromise, and outbreak 
of civil war, 1860-1861; confederate line of defense through 
"border" states, union attempts to break through this line and 
also to capture Richmond (1861); failure of five union at- 
tempts against Richmond, but gradual clearing of border states 
and opening of Mississippi, and repulse of Lee's two invasions 
of the north (1861-1863) ; final closing-in of union armies from 
northeast, southwest and west, the fall of Richmond, and vic- 
tory of the union (1864-1865); problems presented by eman- 
cipation and conquered territory, establishment of Freedman's 
Bureau, and conflict between Lincoln and congress over Lin- 
coln's plan for "restoration of loyal governments" in the south- 
ern states. Topical Reviews. — French sympathy with the 
south and establishment of empire in Mexico, British change 
of sympathy after emancipation, and Russian display of friend- 
ship for the union (1861-1863) ; beginning of the war as a 
"war for the union," change to "war against slavery," and final 
overthrow of slavery in the United States (1861-1865) ; union 
and confederate resort to loans and paper money, and deprecia- 
tion of paper money; northern establishment of national bank- 
ing system, provisions for Pacific railways and industrial edu- 
cation, and adoption of "homestead" public land policy (1862- 
1864) ; prosperity and development of the north during the war, 



American History 31 

and gradual devastation and exhaustion of the south; rise of 
northern opposition to the war, Lincoln's suspension of habeas 
corpus and resort to arbitrary arrests, and unpopularity of Lin- 
coln (1862-1864). — Review from class notes and readings; be 
able to discuss by periods, subjects (or topics), or sections of 
country. 



32 Student's Outline 



. PERIOD X 

Political and Financial "Reconstruction" 

(1866-1879) 

LESSON 110 

Failure of President Johnson's attempted "restoration" of 
the southern states (May, 1865 to April, 1866). — Easy north- 
ern industrial adjustment to return of soldiers and peace con- 
ditions; southern demoralization by overthrow of slavery and 
uncertainty until terms of restoration settled; Johnson's reten- 
tion of Lincoln's cabinet, beginning of effort of secretary of 
treasury to readjust currency and tariff to peace conditions 
and demand for withdrawal of French from Mexico (Apr.) ; 
Spanish abandonment of attempted conquests in Santo Domingo 
and Peru (1865) ; Johnson's proposal for restoration of remain- 
ing southern states on general plan of Lincoln, but with larger 
"excluded" class (May 29) ; completion of restoration of ''loyal" 
governments in practically all remaining southern states by time 
of meeting of congress in 1865 (Dec.) ; passage of "black laws" 
by newly-"restored" state governments, fear of congress that 
south intended revival of slavery, and postponement of recog- 
nition of restored states until after investigation (Dec.) ; com- 
pletion of ratification of XIII amendment (Dec.) ; congressional 
passage of new Freedman's bureau bill for protection of ex- 
slaves, Johnson's veto and criticism of leaders of congress, and 
beginning of breach between congress and president (Feb., 
1866) ; congressional substitution of Civil Rights bill, veto by 
Johnson, passage over veto, and completion of breach between 
president and congress (Mar.-Apr.) ; completion of first At- 
lantic cable, beginning of building of Union Pacific railroad, 
rise of the Texan cattle-range (1865-1866). 



American History 33 

Adams & Trent, 443-450, 435, 454 442, note on 426 

Ashley, 428-429, 433-437, 439, 451, Muzzey, 476, 479-483, 507-508, 512 

453-454 West, 618-625, 638 

Channing, 501-508 Bassett, 599-606, 619, 643, 660-661 

Fite, 393-394, 411-413, 422, 424, Elson, 786-787, 790-796, 779 

396-398, 406-407 Fish, 402-403, 407-410, 416, 423 

Forman, 462, note on 486, 478-482 2d Paxson, 22-25, 28, 32-34, 39-42, 

Hart, 486-488, 497, 513 48 

James & Sanford, 415-416, 418-423, Haworth, 38-39, 12-25 

439, 442-443 Caldwell & Persinger, 469-473 
McLaughlin, 431-432, 434-438, 440, 



LESSON 111 

Failure of "moderate" congressional plan of restoration 
through acceptance of XIV amendment, and passage of mili- 
tary and negro-equality 'Reconstruction" act (June, 1866- 
Mar., 1867). — Congressional submission of XIV amendment of- 
fering restoration of southern states with representation based 
on white population (June, 1866) ; ratification by Tennessee, 
and recognition of restored government of Tennessee (June) ; 
congressional and presidential "parties," conventions and cam- 
paign (July-Nov.) ; victory of congressional party in elections 
of 1866, but XIV amendment rejected by all of the remaining 
"restored" states; supreme court decision (ex parte Milligan) 
denying right of suspension of habeas corpus in north during 
civil war (Dec.) ; congressional forcing of negro suffrage on 
new state of Nebraska, and establishment of negro suffrage 
in territories and District of Columbia (Dec, 1866-Feb., 1867) ; 
congressional working out and passage of act for "reconstruc- 
tion'' of southern states under military supervision and with 
negro suffrage (Feb.-Mar.) ; addition of tenure of office act, 
act for removal of control of army from president, and act for 
abolition of peonage (Mar.) ; organization of national general 
labor union, and beginning of agitation for eight hour day for 
government employees (1866) ; beginning of Standard Oil Com- 
pany (1867); organization of the "Patrons of Husbandry" or 
the "Grange" among the western farmers (1866-1867); first 
attempt to investigate "Credit Mobilier" charges (1867). 



34 Student's Outline 



Adams & Trent, 450-452, 454-455, West, 616, 625-626, 635, 648 

469 Bassett, 607-612, 640-641, 650, 741 

Ashley, 438, 440, 444, 462-463 Elson, 796-798, 812 

Channing, 508-510 Fish, 411-414, 421, 456 

Fite, 413-414, 395, 406, 399-400 McLaughlin, 438-441, first note on 

Forman, 482-485, 495-496 487 

Hart, 488-490 2d Paxson, 33-34, 43-44, 48, 67 

James & Sanford, 423-427, 455 Haworth, 25-32, 97, 60, 95-96 
Muzzey, 483-484, 490 



LESSON 112 

The reconstruction of the southern states and the im- 
peachment of President Johnson (Mar., 1867-May, 1868). — 

Southern refusal to begin work of reconstruction, and congres- 
sional remedying through second reconstruction act (Mar., 
1867) ; southern appeal to supreme court against reconstruction 
policy, and refusal of supreme court to pass on case (Mar.- 
Apr.) ; negotiation of treaties for purchase of Russian America 
and Danish West Indies, ratification of Russian treaty and 
tailure of Danish, and immigration-treaties with Germany and 
China (Mar.- June) ; withdrawal of French troops from Mex- 
ico, restoration of republic, and execution of Maximilian 
(June) ; conflict between "restored" civil and "reconstruction" 
military governments, third reconstruction act making military 
supreme, and active beginning of "reconstruction" of southern 
states (July-Oct.) ; appearance of "carpet-baggers" in south, 
their organization of "Union Leagues," and southern organiza- 
tion of Ku Klux Klan (fall of 1867) ; panic of 1867, upward 
revision of protective tariff, and congressional stoppage of re- 
tirement of greenbacks; carpetbag, negro and "Unionist" or 
"scalawag" domination in practically all reconstruction con- 
ventions, and formation of constitutions modeled after those of 
northern states (1867-1868) ; failure of house attempt to pre- 
vent appropriation for the carrying out of the Russian treaty 
(Feb.-Mar., 1868) ; Johnson's disregarding of the tenure of 
office act, breach with Grant, impeachment by house, and ac- 
quittal by the senate (May) ; attempts to negotiate peace with 
western Indians, and organization of Wyoming territory (1867- 
1868). 



American History 35 

Adams & Trent, 444-445, 452-456, West, 626-627, 629, 635, 640 

466, note on 502 Bassett, 619-624, 641, 643-644, 661- 

Ashley, 438-441, 454-455, 520-521 662, 678, 685, parts of 610-617, 

Channing, 510-514 627-629 

Fite, 414-415, 417-418, 422 Elson, 798-800, 805-812, 778 

Forman, 483-486, 491-492, 496-500 Fish, 413, 415-417, 423-424, 426, 

Hart, 490-494, 498 428, 421 

James & Sanford, 426-428, 431-432, 2d Paxson, 25-30, 35-36, 43-44, 45- 

437-438 46, 52, 149, 37 

McLaughlin, 440-443, 447 Haworth, 38-40, 33-35 

Muzzey, 485-486, 490-491, 497, 499 Caldwell & Persinger, 476-477 

LESSON 113 

Carpetbaggers, Ku Klux Klan and the XV Amendment 
(May, 1868-Feb., 1869). — Republican convention, nomination of 
Grant, and endorsement of reconstruction (May) ; ratification 
of "reconstruction" constitutions by seven states, and re-ad- 
mission of their senators and representatives to congress 
(June) ; struggle between "greenback" and "specie payment" 
elements in Democratic convention, and nomination of Sey- 
mour on "reform" and anti-reconstruction platform (July) ; 
first labor-party convention, nomination and platform (1868); 
death of Thaddeus Stevens, and passing of radical Republican 
leadership to Butler (Aug., 1868) ; beginning of demoralization 
of about half of "reconstructed" states by carpetbag and negro 
governments (summer of 1868) ; Ku Klux activity in attempt 
to suppress negro vote in reconstructed states in elections of 
1868; temporary renewal of western Indian warfare (Nov.) ; 
8-hour day act for federal employees (1869); congressional 
passage and submission of XV amendment, forbidding state de- 
nial of right to vote on account of race, condition or previous 
condition of servitude (Mar., 1869) ; retirement of older and 
more conservative element from Ku Klux (spring of 1869) ; 
supreme court decision, supporting congressional policy of re- 
construction (Texas vs. White, 1869). 

Adams & Trent, 451-454, 456 Hart, 490-491, 495 

Ashley, 439, 434, 441-442, 454 James & Sanford, 427, 429-432 

Channing, 510, 514-516 McLaughlin, 441-448 

Fite, 415-417 Muzzey, 486-489 

Forman, 484, 487-488, 499-500 



36 Student's Outline 



West, 627-629 2d Paxson, 30-31, 45-47, 51-52, 121, 

Bassett, 619-622, 624-630, 641-642, 36-37 

633, 686, 741 Haworth, 35-38, 41-47, 49-53 

Elson, 798-800, 812-816 Caldwell & Persinger, 478-482 

Fish. 418-422. 427-428 



LESSON 114 

[The larger share of this lesson can more easily be followed through by 
the use of MacDonald's "Documentary Source Book" than by the use of 
the average high-school textbook.] 

Beginning of southern white recovery of control of re- 
constructed states; the first enforcement act (Mar. 1869 to 
May, 1870). — Inauguration of President Grant, his cabinet of 
"personal friends," and his beginning of doubtful civil-service 
appointments (Mar., 1869) ; congressional pledge of "resump- 
tion of specie payment" and "redemption of all government ob- 
ligations in gold" (March) ; senate rejection of Johnson- 
Clarendon treaty for arbitration of Alabama claims (April) ; 
modification of reconstruction requirements for Virginia, Mis- 
sissippi, and Texas (April) ; development of the "Bessemer" 
and "open hearth" processes in steel-making, and beginning of 
the American steel industry (1864-1869) ; beginning of attempt 
to organize entire working class into "Knights of Labor" 
(1869) ; beginning of consolidation of eastern railroads into 
"through-systems" and completion of the Union Pacific (1869) ; 
beginning of corporation "high finance," Gould's "corner on 
gold," the "Black Friday" of Sept. 24, 1869, and the beginning 
of charges of "corruption" against Grant; outbreak of Cuban 
"Ten Years War," and American filibustering in aid of Cubans 
(1868-1869); beginning of Grant's attempt to bring about an- 
nexation of. San Domingo (1868-1870); withdrawal of recog- 
nition from reconstructed government of Georgia (Dec, 1869) ; 
continuation of carpetbag demoralization of reconstructed states, 
increased Ku Klux activity in elections of 1869, and restora- 
tion of southern white supremacy in Tennessee, Virginia, and 
Mississippi (1869-1870) ; re-admission of members of congress 
from Virginia, Mississippi and Texas (Jan.-Mar., 1870) ; pas- 



American History 37 

sage of first "force act," for use of federal troops to protect 
negro voters and enforce XV amendment (May) ; supreme 
court denial of constitutionality of "legal tender" act of 1862 
(Feb., 1870); first reduction in protective tariff (1870). 

Adams & Trent, 452, 459-460, 475 Muzzey, 491, footnotes on 492, 500, 

Ashley, 439, 441, 443-444, 447-451, 512-514, 539 

455, 499 West, 628-629, 635, 644, 648, 707 

Channing, 516-517, 519-520 Bassett, 625, 629, 644-647, 630-634, 

Fite, 400, 416, 418, 424, 428, 394- 663-664, 670-672, 681, 741, 782- 

395, 397, 404, 405 783, 713 

Forman, 488, 491, 498, 500, 512, Elson, 816-819, 803, 830, 846 

519, 548 Fish, 420-422, 424-425, 428-429, 441- 

Hart, 494, 490-491, 495, 498, 506, 443, 456-459 

507-509, 515 2d Paxson, 16, 22-26, 46-47, 52, 59- 

James & Sanford, 432-433, 442, 444, 61, 258 

451, 453 Haworth, 95, 130, 175, 41-42, 48, 

McLaughlin, note on 444, 448, 479, 54-61, 63, 125 

491 

LESSON 115 

Beginning of northern reaction against radical recon- 
struction: the Liberal Republican movement and the Am- 
nesty act of 1872. — Beginning of extermination of buffalo herds 
in western plains region, and beginning of Northern Pacific 
transcontinental railroad (1870) ; second re-admission of Geor- 
gia members of congress (July, 1870) ; Republican losses in 
northern state elections, Liberal Republican victory in Mis- 
souri, and southern white recovery of supremacy in North 
Carolina, Alabama, and legislature of Georgia (1870-1871); 
beginning of "Granger" anti-railroad laws (1871) ; British- 
American agreement to arbitrate Alabama claims and fisheries 
dispute (Treaty of Washington, 1871) ; second "force act," 
for federal supervision of elections in southern states (Feb., 
1871) ; third force act, for use of federal troops to protect negro 
voters in the south, and appointment of "Ku Klux investiga- 
tion" committee (Apr., 1871) ; exposure and overthrow of 
"Tweed Ring" of New York City (1870-1871); civil service 
reform "rider" to appropriation bill of 1871, and Grant's appoint- 
ment of civil service commission (1871) ; supreme court 
reversal of decision on "legal tender" act of 1862 (May; meet- 



38 Student's Outline 

ing of Alabama claims commission at Geneva (Dec.) ; Liberal 
Republican call for national "reform" convention (Jan., 1872) ; 
practical ending of war-time internal-revenue taxes and re- 
duction of tariff duties (1872) ; Grant's announcement of first 
civil service reform or "merit" rules (Apr.) ; reports of Ku 
Klux investigating committee; congressional "pardon" of large 
share of ex-confederate leaders by Amnesty act of 1872 (May) ; 
Liberal Republican nomination of Greeley on "reform" plat- 
form, Republican renomination of Grant, Democratic fusion 
with Liberal Republicans (May-June) ; campaign charges of 
Republican "corruption"; re-election of Grant (Nov.). 

Adams & Trent, 452, 459, and note, McLaughlin, 448-452, 484-485 

460-466, 475 Muzzey, 492-494, 498-499 

Ashley, note on 420, 441-444, 462- West, 630, 635, 640, 648 

463, 467-468 Bassett, 625, 629-635, 646, 648-649, 
Channing, 523-524, 517-519, 534, 538 663-664, 672-674, 681, 683, 708, 

Fite, 408-410, 401, 418, 423, 424, 713, 734-735, 736-737 

429, 504-505 Elson, 803, 817-826, 842, 848, 855, 
Forman, first note on 448, 488, note footnote on 800 

on 490, 492, 496, 500-501 Fish, 425-426, 429-430, 445, 447, 421 

Hart, 490, 494-496, 499, 511-512, 2d Paxson, 46-47, 50, 52, 54-57, 75, 

537-541 112 

James & Sanford, 432-434, 438, 444, Haworth, 62-67, 54-55, 48-49 

445, 456 

LESSON 116 

The panic of 1873; "resumptionists" against "greenback- 
ers" (1873-1875). — Congressional abandonment of civil service 
reform policy (1873) ; Spanish capture and execution of por- 
tion of crew of Cuban filibusterer "Virginius," and American 
demand for satisfaction (1873) ; supreme court decision that 
fourteenth amendment was intended for protection of free ne- 
groes, not protection of corporations (Slaughter house case, 
1873) ; congressional "demonetization of silver" and "salary 
grab" of Dec, 1872 to March, 1873; investigation and ex- 
posure of Credit Mobilier and other frauds (1873) ; panic of 
1873 and beginning of new period of industrial depression, and 
rise of the "Farmers' Alliance" (Sept. -Nov.) ; raising of the 
tariff (1873)^ congressional passage and presidential veto of 
bill for new issue of greenbacks (1874), and rapid growth of 



American History 39 

Grangers and "Granger laws" in northwest (1873-1874) ; 
Modoc Indian uprising of 1873, discovery of gold in Black 
Hills, and white encroachment on Indian country (1874) ; Dem- 
ocratic ''tidal wave" in congressional elections of 1874; "hang- 
over" Republican increase of tariff, passage of new civil rights 
bill, and committing of the country to resumption of specie 
payment (1874-1875); restoration of southern white supremacy 
in Texas, Arkansas, and Alabama (1874-1875). 

Adams & Trent, 463-469, 475 West, 630, 632, 639, 648, 683 

Ashley, 444-445, 453-454, 457, 499, Bassett, 632, 634-637, 645, 649-652, 

462-463 665-669, 679, 687, 708, 713, 783- 

Channing, 521-523, 538 784, 698 

Fite, 400-402, 406, 419, 423, 438- Elson, 827, 831-833, 846, 828 

439 Fish, 423, 433-436, 438-444, 450-451, 

Format!, 492-496, 498, 501 455-456 

Hart, 498-499, 506-507, 512 2d Paxson, 61-68, 25, 196-197 

James & Sanford, 444-446, 456, 458 Haworth, 49, 53, 175, 67-70, 95-97 

McLaughlin, 452-454, 461 Caldwell & Persinger, 481-482 
Muzzey, 492-495, 500, 510-511, 513- 

514, 517, 525, 540-541 

LESSON 117 

The disputed election of 1876 and the end of reconstruc- 
tion (1876-1877). — Hawaiian reciprocity treaty of 1876 and its 
effects on Hawaii; first offer of United States to mediate in 
British- Venezuelan boundary dispute (1876); the Sioux war 
and commission of 1876, admission of Colorado; the Centennial 
Exposition of 1876; beginning of the use of the telephone 
(1876) ; exposures of 'Svhiskey ring" and Indian office frauds 
(1875-1876); Democratic nomination of "reformer" Tilden on 
"greenback" platform, Republican contest between Blaine and 
Conkling and nomination of Hayes on "reconstruction" plat- 
form and "Greenback" nomination of Cooper, and appearance 
of "Prohibition" party in campaign of 1876; disputed election 
returns in Louisiana, Florida, South Carolina and Oregon, cre- 
ation of an electoral commission, and its decision in favor of 
Republicans (1877); inauguration of President Hayes, his ap- 
pointment of an ex-Confederate to cabinet, and his uncertain 
attitude as to civil service reform (1877) ; President Hayes's 
recognition of southern white Democratic state governments in 



40 Student's Outline 

Louisiana, Florida and South Carolina, and abandonment of 
reconstruction policy by withdrawal of troops (1877) ; the des- 
ert land act of 1877; "Alabama" claims and fisheries awards 
largely in favor of the United States (1877); hard times of 
1873-1877, and the great strike of 1877; supreme court deci- 
sion in favor of "granger laws" of the states (1877) ; inven- 
tion or beginning of practical use of telephone, incandescent 
electric light, bicycle and typewriter during late seventies. 

Adams & Trent, 461, 464-474, 508 McLaughlin, 449, 453-461, 489-491, 

Ashley, 454, 489-490, 492, 545-549, 509 

445-447, note on 420 Muzzey, 495-501, 514-517, 565 

Channing, 524-527, 529-530, 518- West, 630-634, 640, 708-709 

519^ 570 Bassett, 651-658, 667, 674, 687-689, 

Fite, 402, 404, 419-422, 423, 426-427, 693-698, 708, 735, 771-772, m, 

457158 '"""'• ""' ""'"'""' Ebon, 827.829, 834.841, 843.846, 

For.a„. 501.503, 505-506, 509.519, j,f,^f- '^^l^r'J^TC ^l^H 

532-533, 492-496, first note on 448 456-457 484 

Hart, 499-501, 506-507, 514, 516, 2d Paxson, 62, 69-74, 80-88, 94, 

519-521 230 

James & Sanford, 439, 446-449, 454, Haworth, 70-88, 62, 96-100, 126-127 

456-457, 474 Caldwell & Persinger, 482-483 

LESSON 118 

Reneviral of silver coinage and resumption of specie pay- 
ment (1878-1879).— Increased silver production of 1874-1878, 
and rise of western mining interests; continuation of demand 
for "cheaper money" (1876-1878), combination of "cheaper 
money" and western mining interests in demand for renewal of 
silver coinage (1877-1878), and passage (over veto) of Bland 
Allison Act of 1878 for partial renewal of coinage (or issue of 
"silver certificates") ; French beginning of Panama canal, and 
beginning of American desire for an "American" canal (1878) ; 
beginning of British, German and American rivalry over and 
treaties with Samoa (1878-1879); sending of expedition in 
search of North Pole by New York Herald (DeLong, 1879); 
establishment of United States life-saving service (1878-1879) ; 
publication of Henry George's "Progress and Poverty" and be- 
ginning of "single tax" agitation (1879) ; congressional passage 



American History 41 

and presidential veto of Chinese exclusion bill (1879) ; treasury 
''resumption of specie payment" (redemption in gold of all 
greenbacks offered) through "gold reserve" accumulated since 
1875; disappearance of the "money question" (until after the 
panic of 1893) ; Samoan controversy and agreement of 1879. 

Adams & Trent, 475-476, note on Muzzey, note on 516, 517-520, foot- 

484 notes on 539, 600 

Ashley, 455-458, 489, 515 West, 639, 684, 723 

Channing, 530, 540 Bassett, 669, 697-701, 765, 815-816 

Fite, 404-405, 426-429 Elson, 844, 846, 869, 877, 907 

Forman, 497-498, 506, 529, 561 Fish, 451-452, 453-455, 462, 486 

Hart, 516-517, 521-522, 524-525 2d Paxson, 88-90, 106, 187-191 

James & Sanford, 457-459, 514, 445 Haworth, 88-94, 113, 101 

McLaughlin, 462-463, note on 495, 
499 

LESSON 119 

Review of American history from 1865 to 1879. — Failure 
of President Johnson's attempt to restore "loyal" state govern- 
ments (1865-1866); Southern rejection of congressional offer 
of "restoration" on acceptance of XIV amendment (1866) ; 
congressional "reconstruction" of southern states on "negro- 
equality" basis (1867-1868) ; carpetbaggers, Ku Klux Klan, and 
failure of congressional attempt to stop "white restoration" by 
XV amendment and "force acts" (1869-1872) ; "Liberal Repub- 
lican" reaction against reconstruction, the amnesty act of 1872, 
and further restoration of "white supremacy" in South 
(1872); the panic of 1873, struggle between "green- 
backers" and "resumptionists" and Democratic recovery of con- 
trol in congress (1873-1875) ; the disputed election of 1876, the 
electoral commission, the withdrawal of federal troops from 
the south, and the completion of white restoration (1876-1877) ; 
partial renewal of silver coinage in 1878, resumption of specie 
payment in 1879, and disappearance of "money question" (until 
1893). Topical reviews. — Expulsion of French from Mexico, 
purchase of Alaska, failure of attempted annexation of Danish 
West Indies and Santo Domingo, trouble with Spanish over 
filibustering to Cuba, settlement of "Alabama" and fisheries 
disputes, treaties with Hawaii and Samoa (1867-1879) ; rise 
and decline of farmers' or "granger" movement, rise of the 



42 Student's Outline 

Knights of Labor and "strikes," of railroad corporations and 
"high finance," of opposition to Chinese immigration, and ap- 
pearance of "single tax" movement; development of Pacific 
railroads, of new mining and agricultural west, and removal 
or suppression of western Indians; growth of party "machine" 
and "corruption" and first attempts at civil service reform. — 
Review from class notes and readings. 



American History 43 



PERIOD XI 

Civil Service, Tariff, and "Anti-Monopoly" (1880-1897) 

LESSON 120 

Civil service reform (1880-1883). — Contest between Blaine 
and Grant in Republican convention of 1880, nomination of 
"dark horse" Garfield and "spoilsman" Arthur, and non-com- 
mittal platform ; Democratic nomination of Hancock on "anti- 
Republican" platform ; unimportant part played by Greenback 
and Prohibition parties in campaign of 1880; victory of Repub- 
lican Garfield by small popular and large electoral majority, 
and Republican recovery of control of house of representatives; 
Garfield's favoring of Blaine faction in cabinet and civil serv- 
ice appointments, and break with Conkling or "stalwart" fac- 
tion (1881) ; beginning of Blaine's attempt at "Pan- American- 
ism" (1881) ; exposure of "star route" postal frauds, assassina- 
tion of Garfield by disappointed office seeker, popular impulse 
towards civil service reform, and Arthur's unexpected turning 
away from "spoils system" (1881) ; organization of American 
Federation of Labor in 1881 and its rivalry with older Knights 
of Labor; reorganization of Rockefeller oil interests as Stand- 
ard Oil "trust" (1882) ; exclusion of Chinese "coolie" labor by 
act of 1882; act for abolition of polygamy in Utah (Edmunds 
act, 1882) ; treasury surplus. Democratic gains in congressional 
elections of 1882, Republican attempt to reduce the tariff, op- 
position of "protected interests," and slieht reduction in tariff 
of 1883 ; Pendleton civil service reform bill of 1883 and begin- 
ning of state civil service reform; supreme court decision 
against "force acts" in "civil rights" case decision of 1883; 
beginning of use of electric trolley cars in early eighties. 



44 Student's Outline 

Adams & Trent, 474, 476-484, 460, James & Sanford, 453, 456, 460-464, 
497 467-468, 472-473 

Ashley, note on 450, 464-465, 461, McLaughlin, 464-471, 492, 498 

468, 474, 476, 488, note on 528, Muzzey, 521-527, 531 
536 West, 661, 671-674, 708 

Channing, 531-535, 570 Bassett, 637-638, 701-709, 714-715, 

Fite, 402, 430-433, 434, 438, 440, 736-738, 743*, 774-775 

448, 453-455 Elson, 849-856, 864 

Forman, 507-509, note on 511, 520, Fish, 459-463, 468, 510-512 

535 2d Paxson, 92-105, 108-110, 113- 

Hart, 514, 512, 516, 522-525, 553- 119, 121-124, 162-166 

554, 555 Haworth, 101-114, 125 

LESSON 121 
"Anti-Monopoly," Cleveland's attempt at tariff reform, 
and the interstate commerce act of 1887 (1884-1887).— First 

attempt of congress to pass act for regulation of railroads 
(1884); growing hostility to large corporations evidenced by 
appearance of Anti-Monopoly party in campaign of 1884; Re- 
publican nomination of Blaine on platform including plank fa- 
voring regulation of corporations; Democratic nomination of 
''reformer" Cleveland on "reduced tariff" platform; Greenback, 
Prohibition, Union Labor and Anti-Monopoly lesser parties in 
the campaign ; campaign of "personalities," "Mugwump" re- 
volt against Blaine and Republican "machine," and victory of 
Democratic Cleveland ; failure of second attempt to pass act 
for regulation of corporations (1885) ; Cleveland's antagonizing 
of both "spoilsmen" and "reformers" by his civil service policy 
(1885); failure of Cleveland's attempt to force tariff reduction 
on congress (1885-1886), and arousing of hostility by use of 
veto on pension and other bills; anti-contract-labor immigration 
bill, repeal of tenure of office act, and passage of presidential 
succession act (1886) ; St. Louis and Chicago railroad strikes 
of 1886, the anarchist riot at Chicago, and the reaction against 
the Knights of Labor; supreme court reversal of decision on 
"granger laws" (Wabash rate decision, 1886), Henry George's, 
"labor" candidacy for mayorality of New York City ( 1886) ; 
beginning of labor's "boycott" and employers' "blacklisting," 
and of state attempts at arbitration of labor disputes (1886- 
1887) ; final passage of interstate commerce regulating act 
(1887); subjugation of Apache Indians (1886) and adoption 
of new Indian policy by "severalty" act of 1887. 



Bassett, 690, 709, 711-712, 716-721, 
735, 742, 746 



American History 45 

Adams & Trent, note on 455, 485- James & Sanford, 454-455, 464-468, 

492, 502 474, 477 

Ashley, 462-463, 465-469, 471-472, McLaughlin, 471-473, 492-496 

476-477 536 Muzzey, 527-530, 533-542 

Channing! 535-538 ^I'hJ^fl^h.i^K^^K 
Fite, 402, 433, 434-438, 439, 440, 

442-443, 450-451, 505 ^^.^ gsy.ggs' 

Forman, note on 511, 521-522, 524- ^ish, 455-457, 463-469, 475 

529, 533 2d Paxson, 126-137, 105, 142, 158- 

Hart, 509-510, 525-528, 541-546, 159, 183 

549-551, 553-554, 555-556 Haworth, 115-131 



LESSON 122 

Republican recovery of power and "legislation for all in- 
terests." (1888-1891).— Cleveland's "tariff" message of 1887, 
Democratic house passage of low-tariff bill. Republican senate 
passage of high-tariff bill, and appeal of both parties to country 
in campaign of 1888; Democratic renomination of Cleveland 
on low-tariff platform ; Republican nomination of Harrison on 
"protection and prosperity" platform; disappearance of Green- 
back and Anti-Monopoly parties. Republican "campaign fund 
corruption," majority of popular vote for Cleveland and ma- 
jority of electoral vote for Harrison; beginning of state "Aus- 
tralian ballot" reform and regulation of party procedure (1888- 

1889) ; congressional deadlock over tariff, and Cleveland's ex- 
tension of "merit system" in civil service (1888-1889); Harri- 
son's choice of Blaine as Secretary of State, and Blaine's treaty 
for "joint occupation" of Samoa, and renewal of hi« "Pan- 
American" policy (1889); Harrison's reorganization of civil 
service commission with Roosevelt at head, use of postmaster- 
ships party "spoils," and tardy extension of merit system (1889- 
1891) ; the new "Young Republicans" in congress, "Czar" Reed's 
"quorum" ruling, and the rise of the power of the speaker in 
the house of representatives (1889) ; admission of new Western 
States and opening of new Western lands to settlement (1889- 

1890) ; beginning of southern legalizing of negro disfranchise- 
ment (Mississippi, 1890) and failure of Republican attempt to 
pass new "force act" (1890) ; revival of silver-coinage agitation, 
and forcing of passage of Sherman silver-purchase act at price 



46 Student's Outline 

of silver support of McKInley tariff act of 1890; the Sherman 
anti-trust law of 1890; "dependent pension" and other liberal 
appropriation bills ("million dollar congress"), "original pack- 
age," "anti-lottery," acts of 1890; Democratic "landslide" in 
elections of 1890 and checking of Republican legislation ; the 
new land-act of 1891. 

Adams & Trent, 489, 493-500, 503- McLaughlin, 481, 489, 497-503, 523 

504, 620 Muzzey, 543-555 

Ashley, 468-470, 477-478, 481, 488- West, 653-654, 657-662, 676-679, 

489, 529-530, 540 685, 689, 733-734 

Channing, 538-541, 547 Bassett, 709-712, 721-728, 765-766, 

Fite, 441-442, 443, 445-449, 455-458, -^/^^"''1?L lt^''^t^ 



505, 508 



Elson, 865-873, first note on 876 
_. _^ _^ Fish, 462, 465-466, 469-474, 486- 

torman, 529-538 487^ 519^ 765-766, 771 

Hart, 528-530, 547-548, 554, 555, 2d Paxson, 138-140, 168-186, 192- 

579-581, 589, 593-594, 611 208, 211-212, 217-218, 244-251 

James & Sanford, 468-473, 522, 480 Haworth, 131-141, 83, 101, 143-150 

LESSON 123 

Panic of 1893, Populism, and the repeal of the Sherman 
silver act (1892-1893). — Transformation of Farmers' Alliance 
into Peoples or Populist party (1890-1892); resignation of 
Blaine, nomination of Harrison, and "appeal to the party 
record" by the Republican party; victory of Cleveland and 
"tariff-reform" over Hill and conservatives in Democratic con- 
vention ; Populist nomination of "Anti-Monop" Weaver on a 
"government ownership" platform; continuation of Prohibition 
party and first appearance of Socialist Labor party in campaign 
of 1892; the Homestead strike of 1892, its embarrassment to 
Republicans, and its ending through political "influence" ; vic- 
tory of Cleveland by eastern "stay-at-home" vote and western 
fusion of Populists with Democrats; final arbitration of Behring 
sea dispute of 1889-1893; Hawaiian revolution of 1893 and ap- 
plication for annexation (Jan.-Feb., 1893) ; beginning of panic 
of 1893 (Feb.-Mar.) ; inauguration of Cleveland, and his with- 
drawal of Hawaiian treaty for "investigation" (Mar.) ; the 
"Columbian Exposition" of 1893 at Chicago; enlargement of 
panic of 1893, development of industrial crisis, and repeal of 
Sherman Silver Purchase Act by special session of congress 



American History 47 

(Aug.-Nov.) ; diplomatic controversies with Chile and Italy 
(1891-1893); completion of Northern Pacific railroad (1893); 
disappearance of ''frontier" from American history by 1893. 

Adams & Trent, 500-508, 510 McLaughlin, 499-500, 503-507, 491 

Ashley, 478, 480-482, 485-488, 490, Muzzey, 556-559, 565 

534-536, 540 West, 679-680, 684-685, 690-691 

Channing, 542-544, 564 Bassett, 748-755, 767-773 

Fite, 448, 451-453, 458, 459-461 Elson, 873-876, 878-883 

Forman, 537-540, 542 Fish, 459, 475-478, 487 

Hart, 530, 531-532, 543 2d Paxson, 208-214, 219-221, 273, 
James & Sanford, 477-479, 481-482, 172 

485, 488 Haworth 101, 150-157, 141-142 

LESSON 124 

The free-silver campaign of 1896, victory of the "gold 
standard", and the Dingley tariff of 1897, — Cleveland's first 
bond issue to preserve the gold reserve (Jan., 1894) ; House 
passage of Wilson bill for reduced tariff (Feb.) ; failure of 
march of "Coxey's army" of unemployed on Washington (Mar.- 
Apr.) ; failure of Cleveland's attempt to restore native Hawaiian 
government (May) ; the Pullman strike, railway union "sympa- 
thetic strike," and federal breaking of strike by "injunction" and 
use of troops (May-July) ; Senate "upward revision" of house 
tariff bill, and Cleveland's permitting it to become a bill without 
his signature (July) ; the new bond-sales and bond-sale "scan- 
dal" of 1895 ; Cleveland's forcing of arbitration of Venezuelan 
boundary dispute (1895-1896) ; the Cuban revolution of 1895 
and the rise of the "Cuban question" in the United States (1895- 
1896) ; Republican "tariff and prosperity" platform and nomina- 
tion of McKinley, Democratic nomination of Bryan on "free- 
silver" platform, and "seceders" from all parties in campaign of 
1896; victory of Republicans, enactment of Dingley high pro- 
tective tariff, and disappearance of money question because of 
new Alaskan and African gold discoveries of 1896-1897. 

Adams & Trent, 506-509, 511-516 Hart, 532-535, 551-552, 556-557, 
Ashley, 479-480, 482-485, 490-493, 559, 565-566, 570, 581, 582-588 

497-500, 536-537 James & Sanford, 482-487, 492-495, 
Channing, 544-547 498-499 

Fite, 461-471 McLaughlin, 491, 507-515 

Forman, 539-548 Muzzey, 559-572 



48 Student's Outline 

West, 679-682, 686-687, 690 Fish, 447-484, 487 

Bassett, 728-730, 755-763, 773, 743- 2d Paxson, 219-223, 225-242, 252- 

744, 778-779, 785-786, 825, 809 256, 258-262 

Elson, 878-881, 884-890 Haworth, 157-174, 176-177, 196-198 

LESSON 125 

Review of American history from 1844 to 1897. — Struggle 
over slavery in the territories, 1844-1860; secession, civil war 
and the overthrow of slavery, 1861-1865; reconstruction of the 
south, financial readjustment after the war, and rise of indus- 
trial questions, 1865-1879; growth of "party machine," struggle 
over "spoils," assassination of Garfield, and "civil service re- 
form," 1880-1883; failure of Cleveland's struggle for "tariff re- 
form," and success of struggle for "railroad regulation," 1884- 
1887; Republican recovering of power, raising of tariff, enlarge- 
ment of silver coinage, "anti-trust act," and "billion-dollar 
congress," 1888-1891 ; rise of populism, second election of Cleve- 
land, panic of 1893, and the repeal of the Sherman Silver-pur- 
chase act, and the bond sales, 1892-1894; Coxey's army, the 
Pullman strike, and beginning of "government through injunc- 
tion," 1894; Democratic "Wilson tariff" of 1894, the Venezuelan 
dispute and arbitration, and the rise of the "Cuban question," 
1894-1895; "free-silver" campaign of 1896, Republican recovery 
of power and upward revision of tariff, and dying down of silver 
question because of Klondike and other gold discoveries, 1896- 
1897. Topical Reviews. — Beginning of "Pan-Americanism" 
and of demand for an "American" canal, fur-seal dispute and 
arbitration, beginning of American interest in Samoa, and 
failure of Hawaiian annexation, 1881-1893; decline of Knights 
of Labor, rise of American Federation of Labor, strikes of 1886 
and 1894, beginning of labor-legislation by states, and first ap- 
pearance of Socialism, 1881-1894; rise of "monopolies" or 
"trusts," interstate commerce commission act of 1887 and anti- 
trust act of 1890; growth of trans-Missouri west, reform of 
public land system, the farmers' alliance, and populism. — Review 
from outlines, class-notes and readings. 



American History 49 



PERIOD XII 

The Rise and Regulation of "Big Business" (1898-1916) 

LESSON 126 

Intervention in Cuba and the outbreak of the Spanish- 
American War (Sept., 1897 to May, 1898).— New Spanish min- 
istry, pledge of Cuban "autonomy," and change of commanders 
in Cuba (Sept.-Nov.) ; anti-autonomy riots in Cuba, and the 
sending of the Maine to protect American lives and property 
in Cuba (Dec. -Jan.) ; exposure of DeLome criticisms of Presi- 
dent McKinley, and the sinking of the Maine in Havana harbor 
(Feb.) ; President McKinley's "ultimatum," his dissatisfaction 
with the Spanish answer, and his submission of Cuban ques- 
tion to congress (Mar.- Apr.) ; failure of papal and international 
attempts at mediation (Apr.) ; congressional declaration of 
Cuban independence, authorization of armed intervention to 
accomplish it, and statement that war not begun for sake of 
acquiring Cuba (Apr.) ; Spanish declaration of war, and sending 
of fleet westward to unknown destination (Apr.) ; American 
mobilization of army and navy, and ordering of Dewey to pro- 
ceed from China against Spanish fleet in the Philippines (Apr.) ; 
American "scouting" for Spanish fleet on the Atlantic, Dewey's 
destruction of the Spanish fleet in Manila bay, and the raising 
of the "Philippine question" in the United States (Apr.-May 18) 

Adams & Trent, 516-520 Muzzey, 574-578 

Ashley, 500-504 West, 691-692 

Channing, 548-551 Bassett, 787, 785-791, 793, 809 

Fite, 471-474, 488-489 Elson, 890-892 

Format!, 548-550 Fish, 487-490 

Hart, 560-561 2d Paxson, 263-268 

James & Sanford, 496-500 Haworth, 177-180, 186, 219 

McLaughlin, 516-517 



50 Student's Outline 



LESSON 127 

The Spanish- American war and the Annexation of Hawaii 
(May- Aug., 1898). — Appearance of Spanish fleet in the West 
Indies, and its blockading in Santiago harbor by the American 
fleet (May 18-June 1) ; revival of Hawaiian annexation move- 
ment in congress under influence of war (June) ; arrival of for- 
eign fleets in Manila harbor, and beginning of misunderstand- 
ings between Admirals Diedrichs and Dewey (June) ; Spanish 
starting of new fleet for the Philippines, and American prepara- 
tion for sending of fleet against coast of Spain (June-July) ; 
arrival of land forces in Cuba and in the Philippines, and be- 
ginning of land-campaigns against Santiago and Manila (June- 
July) ; attempted escape and destruction of Spanish fleet at 
Santiago, surrender of city of Santiago, beginning of campaign 
against Porto Rico, and preparation for campaign against Ha- 
vana (July) ; completion of Hawaiian annexation and occupa- 
tion of Guam (July) ; French offer of mediation, arrangement 
of an armistice, and American capture of city of Manila (July- 
Aug.). 

Adams & Trent, 519-525 Muzzey, 578-582, note on 566 

Ashley, 504-506, 508 West, footnote on 692, 693 

Channing, 553-558, 564 Bassett, 774, 792-805 

Fite, 474, 476 Elson, 892-895, 879, and footnote 

Forman, 550-553 Fish, 487, 489-490, 493 

Hart, 562-563, 561, 570-571 Paxson, 268-274 

James & Sanford, 500-502, 486 Haworth, 180-186, 195-196, 143 

McLaughlin, 517-520 

LESSON 128 

The treaty of peace, the struggle over ratification, and the 
outbreak of the Filipino insurrection (Sept., 1898-Feb., 1899). 

— American prosperity of 1897-1898 and beginning of combina- 
tions of corporations into "big business" or "trusts;" beginning 
of state adoption of initiative and referendum or "direct legisla- 
tion" (S. D. and Utah, 1897-1898) ; "embalmed beef" and Samp- 
son-Schley controversies (1898) ; President McKinley's gradual 
development of "retention of Philippines" policy (Sept.) ; re- 
fusal of peace negotiators to notice Filipino demand for inde- 



American History 51 

pendence (Oct.) ; struggles during peace negotiations over Cu- 
ban debt and cession of Philippines (Oct. -Dec.) ; President 
McKinley's submission of treaty to senate, announcement to 
country of policy of ''benevolent assimilation" of Philippines, 
and appointment of first Philippine commission (Jan.) ; senate 
argument for and against ''imperialism" (Jan.) ; Democratic 
and "anti-imperialist" forcing of senate passage of resolution 
against permanent retention of Philippines ; Bryan's advocacy 
of ratification of treaty now and decision later as to "reten- 
tion;" outbreak of Filipino insurrection against Americans 
(Feb.) ; ratification of treaty (Feb. 8). 

Adams & Trent, 490, 523-527, 534- McLaughlin, 547, 519-521 

535 Muzzey, 582-583 

Ashley, 526-527, 541, 506-511 West, 692-694 

Channing, 559 Bassett, 739, 803-806, 810 

Fite, 474, 477 Elson, 895-896 

Forman, 536, 569 and note, 551-552 Fish, 459-460, 490-491, 507 
Hart, 564-565, 567 2d Paxson, 293-294, 273-276, 278 

James & Sanford, 502 Haworth, 188 

LESSON 129 

American "reconstruction" of Cuba and new possessions 
and entrance into "world politics" (1899-1900). — American 
"trade invasion" of Europe, and further development of "big 
business" combinations (1898-1899); American sanitary and 
governmental reconstruction of Cuba and of new possessions 
(spring of 1899) ; American participation in first Hague inter- 
national peace conference (May) ; acquisition of Sulu and por- 
tion of Samoan islands (Aug.-Dec.) ; failure of first American 
attempt to obtain "open door" policy in China and failure of 
first treaty with British for an "American" Panama canal 
(Sept.-Feb.) ; beginning of state provisions for practically direct 
or popular election of senators (Nev. and Ore., 1899-1900) ; 
congressional adoption of gold standard (1900) ; congressional 
provision for non-representative "territorial government" for 
Alaska (1900) ; provision for regular territorial form of gov- 
ernment for Hawaii (1900); provision for territorial govern- 



52 Student's Outline 

ment for Porto Rico in which appointed council the "keystone" 
(1900); presidential appointment of second or "civil" com- 
mission for the Philippines (1900) ; continuation of struggle 
between Americans and Filipino insurgents (1899-1900). 

Adams & Trent, 527-528, 531 607, 613, footnote on 566 

Ashley, 515, 519-521, 528, 489 West, 681-682, 699, 693, 701, 695, 

Channing, 561-562, 586, 589-592 697 

Fite, 458, 483-484, 489, 501 Bassett, 739, 806-807, 166, 822-823, 

Forman, 527-528, 531 817, 810, 811, 813-814 

Hart, 566-568, 569, 571-574 Elson, 898-904, 872, 907 

James & Sanford, 517, 503, 504, Fish, 491, 496, 493, 481 

511-515 2d Paxson, 295-296, 282-283, 277- 
McLaughlin, 489, 530, 521-522 278, 274 

Muzzey, 610, 586-587, footnote on Haworth, 201, 193, 220, 190 



LESSON 130 

"Imperialism" and the campaign of 1900 (May, 1900-Aug., 
1901). — Republican defense of "imperialism" and nomination of 
McKinley and Roosevelt for campaign of 1900; Democratic 
nomination of Bryan on anti-imperialistic platform ; appearance 
of new Socialist party, and continuation of older Socialist-La- 
bor, Prohibition, and Populist parties ; overwhelming re-election 
of President McKinley; American participation in suppression 
of Boxer rebellion in China, and beginning of second attempt 
to secure "open door" (1900); Galveston beginning of "com- 
mission" form of city government (1900) ; congressional deci- 
sion in favor of Nicaraguan canal route (1900) ; culmination of 
"big business" combinations in Standard Oil, sugar, and steel 
"trusts" of 1900-1901 ; capture of Aguinaldo and beginning of 
breakdown of Filipino insurrection (Mar., 1901) ; supreme court 
upholding of "imperialism" in "insular cases" decisions of 1901 ; 
Cuban formation of constitution and reluctant acceptance of 
Piatt amendment (1900-1901) ; Buffalo "prosperity" exposition 
of 1901, visit and speech of McKinley, and his assassination 
(Sept., 1901) ; beginning of practical use of wireless telegraphy 
by 1901. 



American History 53 

Adams & Trent, 528-532, 536, 553- McLaughlin, 522-523, 547 

554, 526 Muzzey, 584, 589, 615-616, 610 and 

Ashley, 513-514, 516-517, 528, third footnote, 586-587, 591 

note on 512, 519 and note, 525- West, 693-694, 741-742, 662-663, 696 

526 Bassett, 827, 823-824, 817, 739, 810, 

Channin^g, 571-574, 594-595, 559, 813-814, 807, 829 

565 Elson, 897, 903, 907-908, 898, 902, 

Fite, 477-478, 481, 482, 485, 489, 904 

484, 498-499, 507, 511-513, 529- Fish, 491-495, 498, 508-509, 485, 

530 519 

Forman, 555-558, 552-553, 572, 576 2d Paxson, 279-281, 286-287, 297- 

Hart, 568, 569, 574-575, 602-603 299, 282 

James & Sanford, 507-508, 512-513, Haworth, 199-203, 205-209, 191-194, 

517-518, 503-504 187 

LESSON 131 

President Roosevelt and the beginning of the reaction 
against "big business" (Sept., 1901-Feb., 1904).— President 
Roosevelt's announcement of intention of ''continuing the pol- 
icies of McKinley" (Sept., 1901) ; making of treaty with Great 
Britain for an "American" canal, and obtaining of promises of 
"open door" policy in China (1901-1902) ; second Pan-Amer- 
ican congress (Mexico, 1901-1902) ; failure of attempted an- 
nexation of Danish West Indies (Jan., 1902) ; establishment of 
Cuban republic and provision for Philippine territorial govern- 
ment (Mar.-May, 1902) ; act for government "reclamation" of 
arid lands in west (June) ; rise of criticisms and exposure of 
"big business" methods during 1901-1902; President Roosevelt's 
beginning of denunciation of "bad trusts" and first suits against 
them (summer of 1902) ; his intervention for ending of anthra- 
cite coal strike in fall of 1902; his "modification of the Mon- 
roe doctrine" for the collection of debts due from Venezuela 
to foreign nations (1902-1903); congressional provision for de- 
partment of commerce and labor, and new act restricting immi- 
gration (Mar., 1903) ; Elkins amendment to Interstate Com- 
merce Commission act (1903); the panic of 1903; Alaskan 
agreement of England and United States to submit Alaskan 
boundary dispute arbitration (1903); Colombian rejection of 
treaty for cession of canal-zone to the United States (Aug., 
1903) ; Panama revolution, recognition by the United States, 
and treaty for cession of canal-zone (1903-1904). 



54 Student's Outline 

Adams & Trent, 531-539, 552-553 West, 696, 710-711, 700-701 

Ashley, 511-512, 519, 547-548, 530- Bassett, 829-831, 817-821, 824-827, 

532, 526, 537-539, 517, 518, 520- 807, 811-812, 775, 849 

521 Elson, 905-906, 901, 908-911 

Channing, 572-573, 562-563, 565, Fish, 519-521, 511-513, 497-498, 491- 

577 492, 524, 496 

Fite, 455, 482-483, 485-486, 489-490, McLaughlin, 524-529, 540, 543 

493-495, 498, 518, 523-524, 527 Muzzey, 593-602, 586, 585, 621-622, 

Format!, 557-562, 552-553, 578, foot- third footnote on 542 

note on 565, 569 2d Paxson, 282-292, 304, 300-302, 

Hart, 554, 569-570, 583, 589, 598- 299, 296 

605, 607-608, 610 Haworth, 189-191, 203-204, 210-224 
James & Sanford, 510, 515-516, 512, 

504, 503, 519 

LESSON 132 

The re-election of Roosevelt, his "big stick" foreign policy 
and the packing and insurance "exposures" (1904-1905). — 

Spread of "initiative and referendum" (or "direct legislation") 
through western states by 1902; supreme court decision against 
Northern Securities "merger" (Mar.) ; Republican re-nomina- 
tion of Roosevelt and Democratic nomination of "safe" and 
"sane" Parker on platform ignoring money question; Social- 
ist-Labor, Social-Democratic, Prohibition and Populist nomi- 
nations and platforms; Parker's charge and Roosevelt's de- 
nial of corporation contributions to Republican campaign 
fund ; re-election of Roosevelt and gain in Socialist vote ; 
senate rejection of Roosevelt's plan for international arbitra- 
tion through executive agreements (1904-1905); Roosevelt's 
establishment of a "financial protectorate" over Santo Do- 
mingo, and senate refusal to ratify it (1905) ; Roosevelt media- 
tion (under terms of Hague agreement of 1899) for ending of 
Russian-Japanese war (1905) ; New York (Hughes) exposure 
of graft and manipulation in management of "reserve-fund" 
of great insurance companies (1905). 

Adams & Trent, 539-542 McLaughlin, 531-532 

Ashley, 526, 521-523, 514 Muzzey, 604-605, 607 

Channing, 579-580, 565-566, 574, West, 663, 724 

586, 589-592 Bassett, 832-834, 827, 824 

Fite, 478, 487, 495 Fish, 521-522, 498, 523, 500-506, 514- 
Forman, 562-563, 558, footnote on 518, 509 

565, 569-570 2d Paxson, 304-307, 296, 317, 309- 
Hart, 595, 605, 607, 627 312 

James & Sanford, 510, 513-514, 512 Haworth, 224-228 



American History 55 



LESSON 133 

"Progressive" legislation of 1906 and continuation of "big 
stick" foreign policy (1906 to Feb., 1908). — Continued spread 
through states of "initiative and referendum" and "direct elec- 
tion of senators," and beginning of "direct primary" and "re- 
call" (1902-1906); beginning of North American "dollar di- 
plomacy" in Latin America, and Secretary Root's tour of South 
America in 1906; decision on "lock" instead of "sea level" 
canal and beginning of construction ( 1906) ; San Francisco at- 
tempt to exclude Japanese from its schools (1906) ; "pure food" 
act of 1906 against misbranding and adulteration of foods; 
"meat inspection" act of 1906 for protection of public against 
unsanitary packing-house products; Hepburn rate-regulation 
bill, extending scope and authority of interstate commerce com- 
mission (1906) ; act forbidding corporation contributions to 
campaign funds (1906) ; "employers' liability act" for compen- 
sation of workmen injured in industry (1906); San Francisco 
earthquake and fire ( 1906) ; American intervention for ending 
of war in Central America, and for restoration of order and 
government in Cuba (1906-1907) ; increased restrictions on Eu- 
ropean immigration by new act of 1907; the panic of 1907, 
Roosevelt's authorization of the merging of the Tennessee com- 
pany with the Steel trust, and congressional passage of Aldrich- 
Vreeland bill for an "elastic currency" (1908) ; Roosevelt's 
"conservation congress" of governors of states (1908) ; begin- 
ning of successful use of air-plane by 1908. 

Adams & Trent, 542-547 Hart, 581-582, 606-607, 608-610, 613 

Ashley, 538-542, 518-519, 532-533, James & Sanford, 519-521, 504, 523 

550 Muzzey, 610-613, 603-604, 606, 623, 

Channing, 588-589, 593-594, 580- 525 

581, 563 West, 735-740, 744, 650-651, 655 

Fite, 455, 487-488, 492, 495-498, 500, Bassett, 833-834, 807, 821-822, 850, 

504, 505-506, 514-515, 524, 525- m 

526, 527-528 Fish, 522-524, 507 

Forman, 569, 571, 562, 578-579, 583- 2d Paxson, 331, 313-323 

584, 566, footnotes on 567, 575- Haworth, 228-233 

576 



56 Student's Outline 

LESSONS 134 and 135 

Conservative reaction under Taft, split in Republican 
party, and Democratic recovery of power (1909-1912). — Les- 
son 13^1 — Conservative reaction under Taft, and rise of the 
"Insurgent" Republicans (1909-1910) : Roosevelt's forcing of 
Taft's nomination by Republicans, Democratic return to nom- 
ination of Bryan, failure of Heart's "Independence League," 
and election of Taft by moderate majority in campaign of 1908; 
the Payne-Aldrich "upward revision" of the tariff, and rise of 
Republican "insurgents" (1909) ; submission of sixteenth amend- 
ment (for an income tax) to the States (1909) ; Ballinger- 
Pinchot controversy over public-land policy of Taft administra- 
tion (1909-1910); insurgent overthrow of speaker's power in 
house, but passage of Taft's "commerce court" act against "in- 
surgent" opposition (1910) ; act for establishment of postal sav- 
ings bank (1910). Lesson 135 — Split in Republican party and 
Democratic victory in campaign of 1912: Taft's successful 
prosecution of numerous trusts during his administration (1909- 
1911); Taft's "efficiency and economy" commission of 1911; 
supreme court reading of word "unreasonable" into anti-trust 
act in Standard Oil decision of May, 1911; insurgent Repub- 
lican fight against Taft's Canadian reciprocity agreement, ap- 
proval of reciprocity by congress, and rejection by Canada 
(1911); joint fur-seal-protective agreement of 1911; rise of 
new state prohibition and woman's suffrage movements during 
1910-1911; rise of Mexican revolution, loss of American life 
and property, and Taft's policy of non-interference (1910-1911) ; 
Democratic and insurgent Republican passage and presidential 
veto of "pop-gun" tariff-reform bills (1911-1913); congres- 
sional enactment of parcel post law, submission of amendment 
for popular election of Senators and giving of elective legis- 
lature to Alaska territory (1912) ; congressional passage of 
bill granting "free tolls" to American coastwise traffic through 
Panama canal (1912) ; change of "insurgent" into "Progres- 
sive" Republicans, abandonment of La Follette candidacy, and 
bringing out of Roosevelt as candidate (1911-1912); Taft's 
"steam rolling" of Roosevelt candidacy for "regular" Repub- 



American History 57 

lican nomination, and Roosevelt organization of "Progressive" 
party (1912); Bryan's swinging of Democratic nomination 
from Clark to Wilson (1912) ; "minority" election of Wilson 
as result of Republican split (1912). 

Adams & Trent, Lessons 9-10—547-554; Lessons 11-12—549-556 
Channing, Lessons 9-10 — 581-583, 596-597; Lessons 11-12—583-585, 597, 

565, 587 
Fite, Lessons 9-10—484-485, 496, 499, 519-520, 524-525, 526-527; Lessons 

11-12—479-481, 486, 490-491, 496, 458, 515-516, 520-521, 523, 526, 529 
Forman, Lessons 9-10—580-581, 605, 569; Lessons 11-12—581-587, 565, 566, 

605, 568-571 
Hart, Lessons 9-10—610-615, 625; Lessons 11-12—582, 615-622, 626 
James & Sanford, Lessons 9-10—530-532, 533-536; Lessons 11-12—527-530, 

531, 532, 533, 542, 536-539, 540, 544 
McLaughlin, Lessons 9-10—533-535, 544; Lessons 11-12—531, 547-550 
Muzzey, Lessons 9-10 — 608-609 

West, Lessons 9-10—726-728, 651-652, 735-740; Lessons 11-12—728-731 
Bassett, Lessons 9-10—837-840, 849-850; Lessons 11-12—840-848, 850-852 
Fish, Lessons 9-10—525-527; Lessons 11-12—526, 528-534 
2d Paxson, Lessons 9-10 — 324-330; Lessons 11-12 — 330-339 
Haworth, Lessons 9-10—233-239; Lessons 11-12—239-240 

LESSON 136 

The Wilson tariff, banking and anti-trust "reforms" of 
1913-1914 (Dec, 1912- July, 1914).— Wilson's "seven sisters" 
anti-trust legislation in New Jersey between election and in- 
auguration (Dec.-Feb.) ; rise into prominence of congressional 
investigation of "money-trust" during winter session, and recom- 
mendation of banking and anti-trust reforms (Dec.-Feb.) ; state 
development of workingman's compensation and minimum-wage 
laws by end of 1912; rise of "Industrial Workers of the World" 
and "Syndicalism" (1912); Democratic substitution of party- 
"caucus" in place of speaker as party-"machine" in congressional 
session of 1912-1913; Wilson's choice of Bryan as secretary of 
state, and Bryan's revival of "spoils system" of appointments 
(Mar., 1913) ; Wilson's reversal of Taft policies as to Latin- 
America, the Philippines and the proposed loan to China (Mar.- 
Apr., 1913) ; Wilson's call of special session of congress for tariff 
revision, house revision downward, senate obstruction, Wilson's 
charge of "insidious lobby" and forcing of real downward re- 
vision (Apr.-Oct., 1913) ; Wilson's "watchful waiting" policy as 



58 Student's Outline 

to Mexico, and failure of Lind mission to end Mexican revolu- 
tion (1913) ; special session preparation and regular session quick 
passage of federal reserve banking-reform act (1913); Secre- 
tary of State Bryan's "count ten" peace-treaties with several 
foreign countries (1913-1914) ; congressional passage and presi- 
dential veto of literacy-test immigration bill (Feb.) ; Wilson's 
attempt to aid Mexican rebels by removal of embargo against 
shipment of arms into northern Mexico (Feb.) ; congressional 
act for building and operation of first government-owned rail- 
way, Alaska (Mar.) ; Wilson's forcing through congress of 
"free-tolls" repeal, but failure to force through Colombian in- 
demnification treaty (Mar.-Apr.) ; Mexican "insult" to Amer- 
ican flag, American occupation of Vera Cruz, A. B. C. offer 
of mediation, and American acceptance of it (Apr.-May) ; su- 
preme court limitation of state right of railroad-rate regulation 
(Shreveport case decision, June) ; abdication of Mexican presi- 
dency by Huerta (July) ; congressional ' boiling down" of Wil- 
son "five brothers" anti-trust legislation interrupted (but not 
stopped) by outbreak of European war (July-Aug.). 

Channing, 571 James & Sanford, 539, 541-542, 544- 

Fite, 483, 491-492, 497, 500, 517, 545, 552 

519, 521-522, 523 McLaughlin, 550-551 

Forman, 574, 577, 587-589 2d Paxson, 340-342 

Hart, 577-596, 622-624, 625, 626- 

627, 630 

LESSON 137 

Review of American history from 1898 to 1914.— American 
declaration of Cuban independence, the Spanish-American war, 
and American acquisition of Philippines, Porto Rico, Hawaii 
and Guam (1898-1899); American prosperity, "big business" 
consolidation, and "invasion of European markets" (1898-1900) ; 
American participation in Hague international conference and 
entrance into trade and diplomacy of "far east" (1899-1901); 
American approval of "imperialism" in election of 1900, su- 
preme court approval of 1901, and gradual remodeling of Cuba 
and new possessions according to American ideas (1900-1902) ; 
climax of "big business" movement in 1901, death of McKinley 
and accession of Roosevelt, and beginning of reaction against 



American History 59 

"big business" (1901-1902); Roosevelt's "big stick" diplomacy 
in Venezuela, Panama, Santo Domingo and Cuba (1902-1906); 
pure-food, meat-inspection, rate-regulation, campaign-contribu- 
tion, and other "progressive" acts of 1906, state adoptions of 
initiation, referendum, direct election of senators, direct pri- 
mary, recall, woman's suffrage and prohibition, and growth of 
Socialist vote (1902-1912); split of Republican party over 
Payne-Aldrich tariff and Taft's commerce court and Canadian 
reciprocity, democratic victory in campaign of 1912 and low- 
ering of tariff in 1913, and beginning Wilson's federal-reserve- 
bank, anti-trust and other reforms of 1913-1914. Topical Re- 
view. — American neutrality, semi-intervention, intervention, ac- 
ceptance of A. B. C. mediation and return to neutrality in Mex- 
ican revolution (1910-1914). 



60 Student's Outline 

PERIOD XIII 

America and the War against Germany (1914-1916) 

LESSON 138 

American declaration of neutrality and attempts to rem- 
edy war-demoralization (Aug.-Oct., 1914). — American sharing 
in financial, commercial and industrial demoralization of the 
world at outbreak of the European war (Aug., 1914) ; presi- 
dential proclamation of American neutrality and request for its 
observance in thought as well as in action (Aug. 4) ; treasury's 
attempt to relieve financial stringency by issuance of emergency 
currency under Aldrich-Vreeland act of 1912; congressional at- 
tempt to meet shipping problem by revision of ship-registry 
laws and by "war-risk" shipping-insurance; failure of Wilson's 
endeavor to secure establishment of an "American marine;" 
lack of any government action for relief of industrial depres- 
sion, and attempts of banking and other interests to relieve it; 
congressional attempt to meet falling-off in customs-revenue 
by passage of first "war-tax" act; completion of Wilson's anti- 
trust "reforms" by passage of Clayton anti-trust act and fed- 
eral trade-commission act (Oct.) ; beginning of Red Cross and 
other relief-fund campaigns for Belgium and other war-stricken 
regions. 

Fite. 500-501. 517-518 James & Sanford, 545-546 

Hart, 624-625, 627, 628 

LESSON 139 

New American "neutral rights" struggle with European 
belligerents over questions of "blockade" (Nov., 1914-Apr., 
1915). — Rise of "peace" and of "preparedness" organizations 
and campaigns in country and congress by fall of 1914; British 
inclusion of copper, cotton and food supplies in list of "contra- 



American History 61 

band" subject to seizure, protests of American shippers and 
government, and refusal of British to yield; German retaliatory 
submarine blockade of England, American protests against sub- 
marine methods, and apparent German decision to observe rules 
of war in regard to submarine; British "high seas" blockade 
of neutral ports neighboring on Germany, American protests, 
and British yielding only to extent of awarding "damages" for 
seizures; industrial depression and general unemployment dur- 
ing winter of 1914, and rise of state and federal "employment 
bureaus" to attempt its relief; revival of prosperity by spring 
of 1915 through allied orders for munitions and food supplies, 
and beginning of new crop of "war-millionaires;" failure of 
German-American attempt to obtain congressional "embargo" 
against shipment of munitions, and outbreak of German-Amer- 
ican plots against American industries, neutrality and govern- 
ment; Japanese entrance into war against Germany and seizure 
of German territory in China (under secret agreement with 
Allies), American protests, and Japanese denial of imperial- 
istic intentions; establishment of Carranza presidency in Mex- 
ico, Villa's rebellion against it, and refusal of Wilson to recog- 
nize the Carranza government. 

Fite, 497, 501, 516-517, 519 James & Sanford, 546, 545, 553-554 

Hart, 627, 628-629 

LESSON 140 

The "Lusitania" controversy with Germany, and the 
"armed merchantmen" controversy with Great Britain (May, 
1915-May, 1916). — German sinking of English steamer "Lusi- 
tania" with American passengers, on ground that it was carry- 
ing munitions (May, 1915) ; American "notes" of protest, Ger- 
man evasion of direct answer but marked lessening in number 
of submarine sinkings; Secretary of State Bryan's resignation 
from cabinet as protest against Wilson's second "(Lusitania" 
note; failure of attempts of pope and of Henry Ford to end 
the European war; congressional passage of "big navy" bill; 
Japanese demands on China, American protest, and Japanese 
denial of imperialistic intentions; Japanese-Russian alliance. 



62 Student's Outline 

American inquiry, and Japanese denial of imperialistic inten- 
tions; American recognition of Carranza government in Mexico 
and intervention in Nicarauguan civil war; British arming of 
merchantmen against submarines, and refusal to yield to Amer- 
ican protests ; German "conditional pledge" of "no sinking with- 
out warning" if United States would enforce its neutral rights 
against British; congressional "county-agent," "rural credits" 
(or "land-bank"), "rural roads," "vocational education" and 
"seaman's" acts (1916); American treaty with Nicaragua; 
Villa's raids over American border, and Pershing's "punitive 
expedition" into Mexico. 

Fite, 497, 501-502 James & Sanford, 546, 549, 552, 554 

Hart, 627, 629 

LESSON 141 

The campaign of 1916; American entrance into the war 
against Germany (June, 1916- Apr., 1917).— Democratic renom- 
ination of Wilson and approval of his peace policy; Republican 
uncertainty as to a candidate and final nomination of Chief 
Justice Hughes on a "vigorous" platform; Progressive nomina- 
tion of Roosevelt, and his withdrawal in favor of Hughes; 
congressional bills for Philippine independence and "national 
defense" and presidential mobilization of national guard on 
Mexican border; threatened strike of railway brotherhoods in 
midst of campaign, Wilson's appeal to congress, and congres- 
sional passage of Adamson eight-hour law; new Democratic 
"war-tax" act with increased "wealth-taxes," shipping-board 
act and tariff -board act; final American acquisition of Danish 
West Indies; Democratic emphasis on "kept us out of war," 
Republican vagueness, and narrow Democratic victory in elec- 
tions; growth of the Non-Partisan League movement in North 
Dakota; Wilson's plea for "peace without victory," German 
offer of "negotiated peace," and allied refusal to entertain peace- 
proposals (Dec, 1916- Jan., 1917) ; German notice of "unlimited 
submarine warfare," and American breaking of relations with 
Germany (Jan. -Feb.) ; American publication of "Zimmerman 
letter" plotting warfare between United States and friendly na- 



American History 63 

tions ; congressional passage of literacy-test immigration act 
over Wilson's veto; Wilson's request for act of congress au- 
thorizing "armed neutrality," defeat in senate through filibuster 
by "wilful twelve," and Wilson's declaration of "armed neu- 
trality (Mar.) ; Wilson's quick abandonment of "armed neu- 
trality" and call of special session of congress to deal with sit- 
uation (Mar.) ; "war" and "peace" meetings and petitions to 
president and congress, Wilson's announcement to special ses- 
sion that "war exists," and congressional declaration of state 
of war between Germany and the United States (Mar. -Apr.). 

*«art, 647-649 James & Sanford, 549-551, 552-553, 

554-557 

LESSON 142 

The year of preparation (1917). — The Russian "republican" 
revolution, American enthusiasm over it, and sending of Amer- 
ican "mission" to aid it; Wilson's recommendation of "selective 
draft," "conscription of wealth," and taxes in place of bonds, 
and his appeal to neutral nations to join war against Germany; 
organization of national munitions, shipping, food, aircraft and 
labor boards, committee of public information, and council 
of defense ; state and local organization of councils of defense, 
home guards, and other war- work bodies; congressional au- 
thorization and executive carrying out of first "liberty loan," 
selective conscription and soldiers' insurance; American seizure 
of interned German ships, and adoption of formerly-protested 
blockade and "black-list" measures of the allies; Wilson's at- 
tempt to "drive a wedge between the German government and 
the German people" by a series of "peace-notes," while Amer- 
ican navy aided in U-boat hunting and American army being 
mobilized; Roosevelt's criticism of Wilson's peace-policy and 
slowness in preparation for war; German- American, Socialist, 
I. W. W., Non-Partisan League and "pacifist" criticisms of 
war-policy and war-measures, presidential establishment of cen- 
sorship, and congressional enactment of new "alien and sedi- 
tion" (and later "espionage") laws for suppression of dissent; 
struggle in congress between advocates and opponents of 



64 Student's Outline 

"wealth-conscription," and partial victory of latter in first great 
war-revenue measure; congressional extension of federal con- 
trol over railroads and mines, and passage of "daylight-saving" 
and "war-time prohibition" bills. 

Hart, 567, 649-650 James & Sanford, 557-560 

LESSON 143 

The year of American participation in the war (1918). — 

Rise of "bolshevik" control in revolutionary Russia, and con- 
servative loss of sympathy with the revolution; Wilson's decla- 
ration of "force without stint or limit," Secretary Baker's an- 
nouncement of movement of American troops to France, and 
important American participation in French and British divi- 
sions ; new "liberty loans," Y. M. C. A. and Red Cross and other 
"drives" for funds; sweeping of "Spanish influenza" over coun- 
try, and heavy toll of life; imprisonment of "conscientious ob- 
jectors" from army, trial and conviction of numerous persons 
under sedition and espionage acts; congressional submission of 
"equal suffrage" and prohibition amendments to states; or- 
ganization of American troops into American units in France 
and their taking over of the Argonne-Meuse front; German 
request for terms of armistice, allied formulation of terms, 
German acceptance, and sudden ending of the war (Oct.-Nov., 
1918). 

LESSON 144 

The making of peace and the "League of Nations" (Nov., 
1918- , 1919). — President Wilson's appeal for "party vic- 

tory" in congressional elections of 1918, and the country's elec- 
tion of a strongly Republican congress; German "republican" 
revolution, flight of Kaiser to Holland, and rise of struggle 
between "socialists" and "bolshevists" for control of new gov- 
ernment; Wilson's decision to attend peace congress, ignoring 
of senate in appointment of peace commission, and taking of 
extensive retinue of assistants; Wilson's pledge of "open di- 
plomacy" in peace conference, conference shutting out of re- 
porters and rigid censorship of all news, and government's tak- 



American History 65 

ing over of cable lines; popular discovery of employment of 
American troops against Bolshevists in northern Russia, demand 
for withdrawal or explanation, Wilson's apparent promise of 
early withdrawal and later explanation that they were neces- 
sary to protect communication and prevent anarchy; Wilson's 
insistence that league of nations be formulated before peace- 
terms made, his refusal to yield Fiume to Italians, and his dom- 
ination of peace conference on practically all important points 
except that of Japanese control of Chinese province of Shan- 
tung; "radical" agitation in different parts of United States, 
Mayor Hanson's breaking of Seattle I. W. W. general "revolu- 
tionary" strike, conservative victory in American Federation 
of Labor convention and policies, and first federal release of 
"conscientious objectors" of war-period, but beginning of de- 
portation of "radical" agitators ; renewal of revolutionary move- 
ments in Mexico and of American demands for intervention ; 
first airplane and dirigible flights across the Atlantic; congres- 
sional beginning of investigation of war-expenses and conduct; 
Wilson's request for exemption of beer and light wines from 
prohibitory legislation, and congressional refusal to exempt; 
congressional repeal (over veto) of "daylight-saving" law; 
completion of peace conference, submission of treaty to various 
nations, immediate German ratification, and beginning of strug- 
gle in senate over American ratification ; trial and conviction 
of Socialist and Non-Partisan League leaders under sedition 
act of 1918. 

LESSON 145 

Review of American history from 1914 to 1919. — American 
declaration of neutrality in European war, and measures for 
meeting financial and industrial demoralization caused by war; 
American "neutral rights" controversies with Great Britain 
over contraband, paper blockade of neutral ports, and arming 
of merchantmen, and with Germany over submarine warfare; 
Democratic victory in campaign of 1916 on "Wilson kept us 
out of war;" Wilson's "peace-drive" of December, 1916; allied 
rejection, German declaration^ of "unlimited submarine war- 



66 Student's Outline 

fare," and American breaking of relations with Germany; Wil- 
son's brief attempt at "armed neutrality," calling on congress 
for declaration that war existed, and congressional declaration 
of state of war; congressional adoption of "selective conscrip- 
tion," centralization of power in executive department of gov- 
ernment, and adoption of severe measures for suppression of 
dissent and criticism; slow American mobilization and prepara- 
tion for war, followed by rapid movement of prepared troops 
to France and their effective participation in the war, first in 
association with allied troops and later in separate divisions; 
sudden German request for armistice terms and ending of war; 
Wilson's domination of peace conference on nearly all issues 
and forcing of formulation of "League of Nations" as part of 
peace-treaty ; chief opposition to peace-treaty in America. 
Topical Reviews. — American war-depression followed by war- 
prosperity, inflow of European gold into America, rise in wages 
and prices, wider recognition of rights of labor and tax-obliga- 
tions of wealth, also mild epidemic of "radical" (so-called "bol- 
shevist") agitation and activity; war-time forwarding of equal 
suffrage, prohibitioH and "daylight-saving;" war-time forcing 
of governmental control of railroads and telegraphs, war-time 
demoralization of public-utility incomes, and slow approach to 
solution of these problems after close of war; war-emphasis 
on foreign trade, and modification of American banking and 
corporation laws to encourage American foreign trade. 



American History 67 



GENERAL REVIEWS 

LESSON 146 

Review of American territorial development (1492-1916). 

— Spanish practical monopoly of the Americas for nearly a cen- 
tury after the discovery (1492-1603); French, English, Dutch 
and Swedish beginnings of rivalry for North America (1604- 
1638) ; early absorption of Swedes by Dutch and of Dutch by 
English (1655-1664) ; English occupation of Atlantic coast, 
French occupation of St. Lawrence, Great Lake region, and 
Mississippi valley (to 1748) ; French and English rivalry over 
Ohio valley, expulsion of French, division of North America be- 
tween Spanish and English, and appearance of Russia in north- 
western America (1749-1766; American independence, and es- 
tablishment of national boundaries (1763-1783); establishment 
of Spanish, English and American claims to Oregon region 
(1790-1793) ; French repossession of Louisiana, American pur- 
chase, and disputed boundaries (1800-1803) ; Spanish-American 
independence and setting up of republics in Mexico, Central 
America and South America (1810-1826); American '"annex- 
ation of West Florida in 1810-1812, purchase of East Florida 
and surrender of Texas claim (1819) ; settlement of northeastern 
boundary dispute (1842); annexation of Texas and settlement 
of Oregon dispute (1845-1846) ; conquest and purchase of Cali- 
fornia and New Mexico (1846-1848), finishing out by Gadsden 
purchase of 1853-1854, and agitation for acquisition of Canada, 
lower California, Cuba and Hawaii (1854) ; purchase of Alaska 
and failure of attempted annexation of Danish West Indies 
(1867) ; failure of Grant's attempts to bring about annexation 
of Santo Domingo (1869-1875) ; failure of attempted annexation 
of Hawaii (1893-1897) ; annexation of Hawaii, and conquest- 
purchase of Philippines, Porto Rico, and Guam, independence 
of Cuba and occupation of Baker, Wake and Howland islands 



68 Student's Outline 

(1898-1899); acquisition of Samoa and Sulu islands (1899); 
failure of second attempt to annex Danish West Indies (1902) ; 
purchase of canal-zone (1903-1904) ; renewal of movement for 
annexation of Danish West Indies (1916). — Review by use of 
outlines, class notes, and text or reference books (using index, 
under name of different acquisitions). See also Hart, 632-635-; 
McLaughlin, 552-553; Fish, 500-502; Haworth, 241. 

LESSON 147 

Review of the "westward movement" in American history. 

— The "westward movement" from Europe to the Atlantic coast 
of America, and effects of new environment on transplanted 
European people and institutions (1607-1650) ; westward move- 
ment from "fall line" to foothills of Alleghanies, and over first 
ridge of Alleghanies into "Great Valley" and development of 
hostility between coast settlers and frontiersmen (1650-1768) ; 
westward movement over the Alleghanies into eastern Tennes- 
see and Kentucky (1769-1774), into central Kentucky and Ten- 
nessee (1775-1786), and first movement of settlement into the 
"old northwest" (1787-1812) ; increased movement into north- 
west and southwest after war of 1812, and first movement of 
settlement across Mississippi (into Missouri) ; American west- 
ward movement into Spanish and Mexican Texas, and continued 
growth of older northwest and southwest (1820-1840); Amer- 
ican migration to Oregon, Utah, and California (the beginning 
of the "far west") and continuation of older westward move- 
ment into frontiers from Michigan to Texas (1840-1853) ; west- 
ward movement into eastern Kansas and Nebraska, and into 
all of older frontiers (1854-1870) ; advance of the frontier into 
the semi-arid lands and beginning of the "irrigated frontier" 
(1870-1892) ; rolling back of frontier from semi-arid lands in 
dry years following 1893, development of the irrigated "arid 
west," and recovery of semi-arid west under influence of "dry- 
farming" (1893 on); peculiar characteristics of each of the 
great "wests" of American history, and influence of each on 
older east and on general development ; practical disappearance 
of the "west" or the "frontier," and resulting prophesies that 



American History 69 

American struggles will be "class," not sectional. — Review from 
class notes and text or reference books (index under "west" or 
"frontier"). The map between pages 438 and 439 of Fish will 
prove of great help. See also Hart, 635-636; McLaughlin, 554- 
555 ; Fish, 502. 

LESSON 148 

Review of immigration into the English America and the 
United States. — Almost wholly English immigration of 1607- 
1680; coming of the first German element about 1680-1700; 
coming of French Huguenots from about 1685 to about 1710; 
new German migration after 1700, and coming of the Scotch- 
Irish from 1730 to 1775; mainly English immigration of 1790 
to about 1830 or 1840, with small amount of Irish; beginning 
of the great Irish migration between 1830 and 1840, and its 
effects on American industry and politics; beginning of new 
German migration after European revolutions of 1830, its great 
increase after the European revolution of 1848, and its effects 
on American industry, party-struggles and slavery controversy 
(to 1865) ; cessation of immigration during the civil war, re- 
newal after the war, appearance of Chinese immigration in the 
west, and beginning of anti-immigration agitation by American 
labor interests (1865-1882) ; appearance of southeastern Euro- 
pean immigration after 1880, its tendency to segregate in sec- 
tions of great cities, and beginning of new restrictions on con- 
tract-labor immigration, physically and mentally incapable, and 
anarchists (1884-1907); growing desire since 1907 for "liter- 
acy" test, its acceptance by congress, and its veto by presidents 
(1907-1916) ; effects of the European war of 1914 on immigra- 
tion. — See index of text or reference books under "immigration" 
and names of the different immigrant races. See also Hart, 
636-637; McLaughlin, 553-554; Muzzey, 618-622; Fish, 510-516; 
Haworth, 241-245. 



70 Student's Outline 

LESSON 149 

Review of American industrial development, 1492-1914. — 

Spanish gold and silver mining, 1492-1615 ; Spanish, French 
and English fur-trading from 1492 and about 1600 on; French 
and English fisheries, and English tobacco, rice and indigo, 
1615-1780; application of steam to machinery, rise of southern 
cotton culture and northwestern development of grain, lead and 
iron districts, 1780-1800; rise of real manufacturing industry, 
of steamboat transportation, and of northwestern coal fields, 
1800-1830; steam railroad transportation, development great 
grain areas of west and farther northwest, and of anthracite 
coal fields, 1830-1860; beginning of coal-oil, meat-packing and 
copper industries and opening of southern mineral resources 
and factories, and beginnings of "combinations" of small into 
big businesses, 1865-1880; rise of steel industry, of irrigated 
farming region, of electric and gasoline power, culmination and 
beginning of attempted regulation of "big business," 1880-1914. — 
Comparatively little of this material is found in either text or 
reference books; for reviewing on this topic, it will be almost 
necessary to have access to Coman's "Industrial History" or 
Wright's "Industrial Evolution." See also McLaughlin, 554, 
535-546; Muzzey, 610, 616-618; West, 703-724; Fish, 502-504. 
514. 

LESSON 150 

Review of American tariff development, 1651-1914. — Brit- 
ish restrictions on colonial manufacturing (and encouragement 
of raising of raw materials) during colonial period; difficulty 
of securing tariff legislation during the period of the confedera- 
tion, 1777-1789; American use of tariff duties chiefly for pur- 
pose of revenue, 1789-1815; adoption of "protective" tariff for 
encouragement of "infant home industries," 1816-1832; nulli- 
fication forcing of gradual reduction of tariff to purely "rev- 
enue" basis from 1833 to 1842; Whig revival of protective tariff 
in 1842 and Democratic return to free-trade or revenue basis 
in 1846 to 1860; upward revision of revenue tariff during civil 
war period; retention of high war-duties for "protection of 



American History 71 

American workingm^n against cheap foreign competition," 
1866-1882; beginning of reaction against high protective tariff 
in the eighties, and failure of Cleveland's first attempt to force 
reduction, 1884-1888; "tariff" campaign of 1888, Republican 
victory, and raising of tariff duties by McKinley act of 1890; 
partial success of Cleveland's second struggle for tariff reduc- 
tion ( 1894) ; Republican victory and restoration of high pro- 
tective duties by Dingley act of 1897; Republican reaction 
against and attempt to force downward revision, and actual up- 
ward revision by Payne-Aldrich tariff of 1909 ; failure of Presi- 
dent Taft's attempt at Canadian reciprocity and of Insurgent- 
Democratic *'pop-gun" bills for lower duties, 1910-1912; Demo- 
cratic victory in campaign of 1912 and reduction of duties on 
necessities, 1913-1914. — See index of text and reference books 
under "tariff" and "reciprocity." 

LESSON 151 

Review of American monetary and banking history, 1607- 
1914. — General colonial resort to barter and small use of Span- 
ish dollar and English shilling, "wampum," and tobacco-cer- 
tificates (1607-1650) ; Massachusetts beginning of colonial coin- 
age (pine-tree shilling, 1652-1659) ; colonial resort to paper 
money during wars with the French (1869-1763) ; revolutionary 
continental and state paper money (1775-1788); constitutional 
prohibition of state paper money and provision for federal 
mint and coinage ( 1789) ; congressional provision for gold and 
silver coinage at ratio of 15 to 1, and establishment of United 
States bank with power to issue bank notes (1790-1791) ; rise 
of state banks and state-bank paper money, and overthrow of 
United States bank (1791-1811); re-establishment of United 
States bank after war of 1812 (1816); growth of state banks 
and their paper-money issues and overthrow of second United 
States bank by Jackson (1816-1833) ; undervaluation of gold by 
ratio of 1792, its non-appearance at mint, and change of ratio 
to 16 to 1 (1837) ; establishment, overthrow and re-establish- 
ment of United States sub-treasury system for handling of 
government funds (1840-1846); undervaluation of silver by 



72 Student's Outline 

ratio of 1837, its non-appearance at mint, and lessening of ratio 
for fractional silver only (1853); civil war resort to green- 
backs, establishment of national banking system and national 
bank notes, and taxing of state-bank paper money out of ex- 
istence (1862-1865); struggle between greenback "inflationists" 
and gold "resumptionists" (1866-1873) ; scarcity of silver, its 
non-appearance at mint, and abandonment of silver coinage 
(1873); renewal of silver production, partial revival of silver 
coinage, and resumption of specie payment (1874-1879) ; de- 
mand for increased silver coinage after 1884, provision for in- 
creased silver coinage in 1890, beginning of "drain on the re- 
serve fund," and abandonment of silver coinage after panic of 
1893; Populist and Democratic unsuccessful campaign for free- 
silver coinage in 1896, opening of new gold fields and deprecia- 
tion of gold, and Republican adoption of gold standard in 1900; 
Aldrich-Vreeland provision for emergency credit-currency in 
1908, and substitution of Federal Reserve plan in 1913-1914, 
inauguration of "rural-credits land-bank" system in 1916-1917. 
— See index of text and reference books under "money," "bank," 
"silver," "gold," "coinage" and "mint." Dewey's "Financial 
History of the U. S." will be found of great assistance in re- 
viewing this topic. 

LESSON 152 

Review of American constitutional development. — Begin- 
ning of American development with the "charters" as a sort of 
"written constitution" defining rights of colonists and their re- 
lations to British government; colonial tendencies towards 
"written constitutions" shown in Mayflower compact, "Funda- 
mental Orders" of Connecticut and New Haven, and New 
England confederation; gradual disappearance of charters dur- 
ing later colonial period, and turning of colonists to British 
habit of regarding as "constitutional" anything that was "cus- 
tomary" or "'according to precedent;" return to "written con- 
stitution" in state constitutions of 1776 on, Articles of Con- 
federation of 1777, and Federal Constitution of 1787; struggle 
between "states-rights" and "nationalism" in making of con- 
stitution of 1787, compromise on idea of "sovereignty divided" 



American History 73 

between states and federal government, and protecting of indi- 
vidual rights against federal government by first ten amend- 
ments (1787-1790); slight amendments of new constitution by 
eleventh and twelfth amendments, the eleventh in defense of 
state-rights (1798-1804); Hamiltonian theory of "broad con- 
struction" and "implied powers" accepted in "nationalistic" de- 
cisions of court under influence of Chief Justice Marshall (1801- 
1835) ; death of Marshall, accession of Taney, and change of 
tendency of supreme court decisions towards states-rights 
(1835-1857) ; nationalistic amendments and interpretation of 
constitution during civil war and first days of reconstruction, 
and reaction towards states-rights in last days of reconstruc- 
tion (1861-1883); refusal of courts at first to use fourteenth 
amendment for protection of corporations, and change to use of 
it for that purpose (1883-1897); "nationalistic" decisions of su- 
preme court on questions of "imperialism" and "strict construc- 
tion" decisions on attempts at regulation of corporations or 
social reform (1898-1910); supreme court assertion of "legis- 
lative power" in "reasonable" decision of 1911; amendments 
permitting income tax and direct election of senators (1912- 
1913) ; tendency of supreme court towards "nationalism" in de- 
cisions on economic and social legislation since 1912; present 
attitude of different political parties towards supreme court and 
written constitution as parts of a system of popular govern- 
ment. — See text and reference books (index under "constitu- 
tion," "amendments," and "supreme court"). See also Hart, 
637-643. 

LESSON 153 

Review of the development of American governmental and 
party "machinery" since 1789. — Disbelief of majority of makers 
of federal and state governments in ability of people to govern 
themselves, and marked presence of "checks and balances" in 
early federal and state governments ; change in method of elec- 
toral vote for vice-president (twelfth amendment, 1804)'; devel- 
opment of legislative and congressional "party caucus" as 
method of making party nominations (1776-1808) ; tendency of 
states towards manhood suffrage and choosing of presidential 



74 Student's Outline 

electors by districts instead of by state as a whole (from about 
1800 to about 1840) ; overthrow of "caucus" and development 
of "convention" method of making party nominations (1830- 
1840) ; gradual development of new departments of state and 
federal governments, increase in number of people in the civil 
service, and rise of the "spoils system" and party "machines" 
(especially from about 1830 on) ; increase in power of the fed- 
eral executive during and following the civil war; climax in 
development of party "machine," "spoils system," and govern- 
mental "corruption" during the 80's, beginning of civil-service 
reform through "merit" system of appointments, introduction 
of the Australian "secret" ballot, and rise of the first "equal 
suffrage" states (in the west) ; growth of the power of the 
speaker in the house, of "senatorial courtesy" in the senate, 
and of the influence of business interests upon state and fed- 
eral governments during the 90's; state development of "direct 
legislation" (by the people) through initiative and referendum, 
and beginning of "direct (or popular) election" of senators by 
Oregon plan" (1897-1902) ; rise of the "commission form" of 
city government after the Galveston storm of 1900, and its de- 
velopment into the "city manager" form in some parts of the 
country by 1916; great growth in number of state and federal 
officials, boards and commissions as result of new economic and 
social legislation of 1900 on, and development of private asso- 
ciations and organizations along these same lines, aided or 
recognized by state and federal governments; state develop- 
ment of recall and of direct primary method of party nomina- 
tions (1902-1908). and tendency tov>-ards adoption of these and 
of initiative and referendum on a national scale; increase in 
number of equal suffrage states since 1910; amendment of na- 
tional constitution to permit direct (or popular) election of 
senators (1912-1913). — Use text and reference books (index 
under names of the various reforms or changes mentioned 
above). See also Hart, 643-646; McLaughlin, 560-562, 547. 
556-560; Muzzey, 609-616, 622^625; West, 731-748; Fish, 504- 
510, 517-518. 



American History 



75 



LESSON 154 



"Period" review of American history (1000-1916) : 

EUROPEAN HISTORY AMERICAN HISTORY 

PERIODS : PERIODS : 

Oriental, Greek, Roman, and (without known results in or 
Germanic periods of Euro- upon American history) 

pean history 

Feudal period 1 Norse discovery, exploration, 

and attempted colonization 
of North America (1000- 
1012) 

Crusades (without known direct results 

in American history) 

Renaissance 2 Spanish discovery, explora- 
tion, and colonization of 
the Americas (1492-1554) 

Reformation 3 American development un- 
der the influence of the 
European Reformation 
movement (1555-1688) 

(a) Rise of the Protestant 

church-party in Europe (a) French Huguenot attempts 

to colonize in Brazil, 
South Carolina, and Flor- 
ida (1555-1565) 

(b) The Roman Catholic (b) EngHsh Gilbert and Ral- 

Counter- Reformation . . . eigh attempts to colonize 

in Newfoundland and 
North Carolina (1578- 
1591) 



76 



Student's Outline 



(c) Temporary ending of re- 
ligious warfare in Europe 



(d) Revival of English 
church-party struggle 
under the Stuarts and 
Thirty Years war in 
Europe 



(c) French, English and 
Dutch commercial coloni- 
zation in North America 
(1598-1618) 



(d) English religious-political 

colonization of New Eng- 
land and Maryland (1619- 
(e) Puritan supremacy in 1639) 
England and beginning of 
French supremacy in Eu- 
rope (e) Colonial effects of the 

Puritan supremacy* 
(f) The "Restoration" period 

in England (f) Colonial effects of the 

Restoration* 

French and English struggle 

for world-supremacy 4 French and English struggle 

for supremacy in America, 
and struggle between Brit- 
ish "imperial control" and 
colonial "self-government" 
(1689-1763) 
5 American revolution, inde- 
pendence, and setting up 
of a federal government 
The French revolution and (1764-1792) 
wars and the Napoleonic em- 
pire and wars 6 American struggle for "neu- 
tral rights" and develop- 
ment of an "American sys- 
tem" (1793-1823) 



*It seems impossible to give any g-eneral heading or title covering all 
of the actual effects of either of these English periods; so, for the present at 
least, these titles, unsatisfactory as they are, are retained. 



American History 11 

(From 1823 to 1914, American 
history was no longer dom- 
inated by European move- 
ments) 7 Jacksonian Democracy 

(1824-1843) 

8 The struggle over slavery in 

the territories (1844-1860) 

9 Secession and civil war 

(1861-1865) 

10 Reconstruction and financial 

readjustment (1866-1879) 

11 Civil service, tariff and 

"anti-monopoly" 
(1880-1897) 

12 The rise and regulation of 

"big business" (1898-1916) 
The war against Germany 

( 1914-1918) 13 American participation in the 

war against Germany, and 
entrance into the League 
of Nations (1914-1919) 

LESSONS 155 AND 156 
Final examination. 



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